Specialised Cells

Question	Answer
What are the palisade leaf cells adapted for?	Photosynthesis
What help the Palisade leaf cells packed with?	They are packed with chloroplasts to help with photosynthesis.
Where on the leaf are the palisade leaf cells and why?	They are on the top of the leaf so they are closer to the sun.
Why are the palisade leaf cells tall?	Because it means that there is a larger surface area down the side of the leaf for absorbing CO2.
Why are the palisade leaf cells thin?	Because it means that more of them can get packed on the top of the leaf where most of the photosynthesis happens.
What are guard cells adapted for?	To open and close stomata (pores) on a leaf.
What happens to the guard cells when the plant has lots of water?	They fill and go plump and turgid.
What happens when the guard cells are plump?	The stomata opens so gases can be exchanged for photosynthesis.
What happens to the guard cells when the plant is short of water?	The guard cells loose their water and become flaccid. This makes the stomata close to stop too much water vapor escaping.
What happens to the guard cells at night and why?	They close to help save water without missing out on photosynthesis.
How are guard cells adapted for their function?	They allow gas exchange and control water loss within the plant.
What are red blood cells adapted for?	They are adapted to carry oxygen around the body.
Give 2 reasons why red blood cells are biconcaved?	To increase their surface area to help absorb oxygen. To help them travel through capillaries.
What pigment are red blood cells packed with?	Hemoglobin.
Why do red blood cells have no nucleus?	To leave more room for hemoglobin.
What are sperm and egg cells specialised for?	Reproduction.
What are the main functions of the egg?	To carry the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in the early stages. The egg contains huge food reserves to feel the embryo.
What happens to the egg's membrane when a sperm fuses with the egg and why?	It changes it's structure to stop any more sperm getting to the egg to insure that the offspring has the right amount of DNA.
What is the function of the sperm?	To carry the male DNA to the female DNA.
How is the sperm adapted to do it's job?	it has a long tail and streamline head to help it swim to the egg. And it has a lot of mitochondria to give it lots of energy.
Why does the sperm carry a lot of enzymes?	To help it to digest through the egg membrane.

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	Created by francesca graham about 8 years ago