4566511
Description
Flashcards by Truely Costen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Truely Costen
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| control groups | a group which is compared to the experimental group. the control groups is not exposed to the variables under investigation. they are used to measure changes in the experimental group |
| cluster sample | a target population is taken from a large geographical area and then divided into smaller and smaller groups. this is done to gain a wide representativeness |
| closed questions | number of options |
| covert | participants don't know they're being studied |
| dependant variable | measured and used to see what the change in the experiment is. |
| extraneous variable | the researcher has no control over these and the affect they have on the experiment |
| experiment | a test carried out in controlled conditions to establish a cause- and- effect relationship between two or more variables |
| experimental group | exposed to the variable under investigation |
| field experiment | takes place outside of the lab and occurs in a natural setting |
| generalisations | if the sample is representative then the findings of the experiment can be said to be true of the wider population |
| independent variable | variables that are manipulated and changed |
| interpretivism | focus on how we construct our social worlds through the meanings we create and attach to events. they favour qualitative methods |
| informed consent | where those taking part have agreed to part and understand the study in detail |
| laboratory experiment | a scientific method preferred by positivists. happens in a controlled area where researcher tests a hypothesis |
| objective | absence of bias or preconceived ideas |
| open questions | the respondent can answer however they like |
| overt | participants are aware they're being studied |
| postal questionnaire | a questionnaire which comes through the post and respondents answer without aid from the researcher. |
| participant observation | interacts with the group being observed |
| quantitative | information in numerical form |
| quota sample | selecting from quotas- defined proportion of the population |
| qualitative | information expressed through words |
| questionnaire | list of questions |
| reliable | produces the same results when repeated |
| right to withdraw | the participant can say they don't want to take part in the experiment any longer and be removed |
| random sample | respondents have an equal chance of being picked from the sample frame |
| representative | typical; a cross section. If a sample is representative those in it will be typical of a larger group |
| selective bias | the researcher chooses the participant |
| stratified sample | when the population is large and the sample is small. the sample is made by drawing from each group according to their proportions in the population |
| sample frame | a list of members of the total population of interest |
| sample | a smaller group selected from the larger survey population to take part in a study |
| snowball sample | starts with a small group of respondents who are asked for further contacts |
| structured interview | the researcher asks a set of questions to the respondents and records an answer |
| variable | a factor that can change and vary |
| validity | data that gives a true picture of what is being studied |
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