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| Question | Answer |
| What does a sequence diagram show? | The order of which system events occur |
| What does an activity diagram show? | Shows temporal dependencies, much like a flowchart |
| What does a collaboration/communication diagram show? | The order in which classes communicate to each other. It shows control flows with arrows |
| What does a class diagram show? | The classes of the system and the relationship between these |
| What are open source projects? | Software/projects that are available for modification by anyone |
| What three issues could occur from open source development via web only? | Unreliable - no clear-cut discipline Irregular quality and/or updates Not designed for user well |
| What two documentation and version issues could occur from open source situations? | Many people developing - more people to consult changes with Testing may not be completed correctly |
| What is Abbott analysis? | The process of describing system functionality then highlighting nouns and verbs in them. |
| What are nouns equal to for Abbott analysis? | Candidate objects. Nouns describe; people, animal, place, thing and idea |
| What are verbs equal to for Abbott analysis? | Operations upon the candidate objects. Verbs describe a doing action |
| Name two advantages of Abbott analysis | Simple Forces use of problem domain language Encourages inclusion of all possibilities Can be partially automated |
| Name two disadvantages of Abbott analysis | English is imprecise - different terms for same abstraction Dependent on complete description Verbs can become nouns and nouns written as verbs |
| In a class diagram what does a dashed line show? | It shows association with another object between the two class relationships |
| How can you represent parameters in a class diagram? | You can use a dotted box to the top right with the parameter letter or use a <CLASS> notation |
| What are the three parts of an expanded class diagram? | Class name, attributes and methods |
| For an expanded class diagram what do + # and - symbols mean? | + public # protected - private |
| Who is a project sponsor? | The person interested in helping the project succeed. Initiates the project, primary point of contact on business side |
| What is a business need? | A business related reason for a system |
| What is a business requirement? | Business capabilities that system will provide |
| What is business value? | Benefits to organisation from system |
| What are special issues or constraints? | Issues relevant to implementation and any decisions |
| What are the 6 steps for feasibility analysis? | 1. Understand the problem or opportunity 2. Define scope or constraints 3. Fact finding 4. Analyse the data 5. Feasibility evaluation 6. Present the results |
| What is technical feasibility evaluation? | The evaluation of technical resources and expertise for building, integrating and maintaining the proposed system |
| What is schedule feasibility evaluation? | The evaluation of the staff and stakeholders with regard to availability, budget and time |
| What is operational feasibility evaluation? | The evaluation of the proposed system being effective, impact on staff, adverse user effects, negatives and positives |
| What is economic feasibility evaluation? | The evaluation of costs for development, annual operating, annual benefits and intangible costs and benefits. The evaluation of cost benefit analysis |
| What are the three types of cost benefit analysis? | Payback analysis Return on investment analysis Present value analysis |
| What is the purpose of payback analysis? | To generate a payback period when the initial and annual costs are overtaken by benefits |
| What is the purpose of return on investment analysis? | To calculate the percentage return on investment for N years |
| What is the purpose of present value analysis? | To compare the cost and benefits of the project against the rate at which money invested accrues value |
| What does RUP stand for? | Rational Unified Process |
| In RUP what is initially identified? | Workflows - identified by each team member, the activities they perform and the artifacts they produce |
| Name the 5 phases of the RUP iteration | Planning, analysis, design, implementation and testing |
| Name two disadvantages of RUP | Requires more active management and sense of direction for project Needs to be customised to size of team Can overload workforce |
| What 4 things are well defined in each RUP phase? | Aims, activities, inputs and products |
| What are the 4 product types for RUP? | Inception, elaboration, construction and transition |
| For an inception product type what is the main task? | Making business case for justification of project |
| For an elaboration product type what is the main task? | Building the architectural baseline to guide the future work |
| For a construction product type what is the main task? | Producing a beta version of the software |
| For a transition product type what is the main task? | Establishing product in operation environment and monitoring feedback. Fixing minor defects in beta and regression testing |
| What are the 4 phases of RAD methodology? | Requirements planning, user design, construction and cutover |
| What does RAD stand for? | Rapid Application Development |
| In RAD, what happens in the requirements planning stage? | Stakeholders decide on scope and system requirements |
| In RAD, what happens in the user design stage? | Users help develop working model via prototype |
| In RAD, what happens in the construction stage? | Further programming, testing, still with users |
| In RAD, what happens in the cutover stage? | System testing and user training |
| Name 2 reasons why the quality of requirements is important | - Assessing successful product - Assessing if can produce product - Prevents parts being missed out or added or confused with what the user wanted - Prevents failure of not achieving what was necessary |
| Name 4 keywords that requirements must be | Unambiguous, complete, correct, understandable, verifiable, consistent, achievable, design independent, traceable detailed (appropriately) |
| Name two of the original use cases for the Stroke Therapy application? | - Select menu item - Enter words to speak - Begin playback of user input - Stop playback of user input - Select word to practice handwriting - Practice handwriting - Stop current word practice and return to list of words - Play sequence jumble game - Stop current sequence game - Play sentence completion game - Stop current sentence completion game - Show event list - Add events - Edit events - Delete events - Change settings |
| Name the 5 schools of Pettichord testing | Analytic, Routine, Quality, Context driven, Agile |
| Name 2 of the ISO-9126 standards (Hint they start with: F, R, U, E, M, P) | Functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, portability |
| Apart from Compliance, name the 4 subcategories of the Functionality ISO-9126 standard (Hint they start with: S, A, I, S) | Suitability, accuracy, interoperability, security |
| Name the 3 subcategories of the Reliability ISO-9126 standard (Hint they start with: M, R, F) | Maturity, Recoverability, Fault tolerance |
| Name the 3 subcategories of the Usability ISO-9126 standard (Hint they start with: L, U, O) | Learnability, understandability, operability |
| Name the 4 subcategories of the Maintainability ISO-9126 standard (Hint they start with: S, A, C, T) | Stability, analyzability, changeability, testingability |
| In Pettichord testing, what is analytic testing? | Testing is mathematical and technical with 1 right answer. Require precise specs, most used in high-reliability industry |
| In Pettichord testing, what is routine testing? | Testing validates the product, measures progress and can be done with cheap labour. Poor at change handling, but most used for IT projects |
| In Pettichord testing, what is quality testing? | Testing maintains quality by policing developers and ensuring discipline. Tends to alienate developers in most large project |
| In Pettichord testing, what is context driven testing? | Testing finds anything that bugs a user. A skilled activity that adapts to change and developers testers abilities to design tests, most used in market-driven development |
| In Pettichord testing, what is agile testing? | Emphases on automated testing and proving development complete |
| In business, what is a strategic plan? | What the company is doing and aims to do in the future. Analyse whether the software fits in with these goals |
| What is an interaction diagram? | Normally use cases, but can be sequence or communication depending on preference and focus of interest |
| Pitts & Browne suggest what 4 things to overcome requirements capture? | - Summarisation and feedback - Repetition and rephrasing - Scenario building and elaboration - Counterargument |
| What is a functional requirement? | A requirement that describes what the system must do |
| What is a non-functional requirement? | A requirement that describes how the system works |
| What do we estimating at the start of a project? | - Effort - how many staff and for how long? - Elapsed time - how long from start to finish? - Risk - Size - how much documentation/software required? -Speed - of the system -Reliability - how often will it break down? |
| Name an advantage of RUP | Reactive and responsive when changes or snags occur Allows for small features to be added in as going along |
| Name 3 criteria used to reject classes (Hint: 'How to Zap Classes' lecture 8 slide 12, Begin with: M,E,M,O,I,R,A,V) | - Redundant (2 names meaning the same thing) - Vague (e.g. system) - Event or operation (but check for state, behaviour, identity e.g. takeoff, explosion) - Meta-language (tool of our method, not object within it e.g. noun or object) - Outside scope (e.g. week) - Attributes (e.g. address) - Methods (e.g. Encryption) - Too implementational (e.g. index) |
| Explain 1 method (other than Abbott analysis) that you could use to identify the objects for a problem | - Domain analysis - Classical categorisation - Conceptual clustering - Prototype theory |
| What is domain analysis? | Find classes and objects that are common to all applications within a given domain. Vertical = across similar applications Horizontal = related parts of the same application |
| What is classical categorisation analysis? | All entities with a given property or set of properties in common form a category |
| What is conceptual clustering analysis? | Start from a concept, consider individual parts of it and then add to a set |
| What is prototype theory analysis? | Start from a prototypical object to define a class and test a new potential class member against this test |
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