465855
Description
Flashcards by emma_moran, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by emma_moran
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are aliphatic compounds? | Carbon atoms joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non aromatic rings |
| What are saturated organic compounds? | They have the no double carbon bonds |
| What are unsaturated organic compounds? | They have double carbon bonds present |
| What is a alicyclic compound? | An aliphatic compound in a non aromatic ring |
| What is an aromatic compound? | One that contains a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds- benzene |
| What is a heterocyclic compound? | A cyclic compound that has at least two different elements as part of its ring |
| What are polyfunctional compounds? | They contain more than one functional group |
| How do you determine the class of polyfunctional compounds? | The principal functional group determines the class. Secondary functional groups are treated as substituents. |
| What is the order of preference for principal groups? | Carboxylic acid>acid anhydrides>esters>acid halides>amides>nitriles> aldehydes>ketones>alcohols>amines>double bond>triple bond |
| What is an homologous series? | A group of organic compounds with similar chemical properties in which members contain the same functional group but differ by length of the carbon chain |
| What is a hybrid atomic orbital? | Combination of atomic orbitals from the SAME atom |
| What is a molecular orbital? | Combination of atomic or hybrid atomic orbitals from DIFFERENT atoms |
| What type of hybridisation is used for bonding in saturated compounds? | sp^3 |
| What type of hybridisation is present in double carbon bonds? | sp^2 |
| What type of hybridisation is present in triple carbon bonds? | sp |
| What are the properties of hybrid orbitals? | Hold electrons closer to the nucleus which results in the bond becoming shorter and therefore stronger. They are more directional so the have more effective bonding. The more s-character the more more stable the electron is in that orbital. |
| How are sigma bonds formed? | The direct overlap between s-s, s-p, p-p and hybridised orbitals |
| How are pi bonds formed? | They are formed by the parallel overlap of p orbitals |
| Where is the electron density in a pi bond? | Above and below the plane of the bond |
| Are sigma or pi bonds higher in energy? | Pi bonds are higher in energy which means they are weaker |
| What does a double bond consist of? | Sigma bond and pi bond |
| What does a triple bond consist of? | Sigma bond and two pi bonds |
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