Flashcards
Invert Midterm
Cards in this deck (57)
- 1unrooted treesno assumption of initial branch point, more possibilities
- 2Polyphylydescendants of more than one ancestor
- 3apomorphy, plesiomorphyderived, shared
- 4synapomorphyshared derived character
- 5symplesiomorphyshared ancestral character
- 6evidence for serial endosymbiosismitochondria and chloroplasts have own DNA, divide separately, double membranes, different genetic code, rRNA similar to bacteria, recent endosymbiosis in protists
- 7closest sister taxa to metazoansChoanoflagellates
- 8Gonidia - daughter colonies via...division of aflagellated cells
- 9Kinetoplastlarge mass of DNA
- 10Sulcus and cingulumlongitdunial and transverse grooves in dinoflagellata bearing flagella
- 11use of bioluminescencestudy movement of marine mammals
- 12advantages of multicellularity (metazoa)size (ecological/metabolic/biomechanics) and division of labour (efficiency/complexity)
- 13competing theories of multicellular originssyncytial - from multinucleated plasmodium, colonial theory
- 14Porifera cell types (4)Lophocyte - secrete collagen, archeocyte - ameboid (immune?), scleorcyte - secrete spicules, choanocyte - collar cells (water flow)
- 15Porifera body designs (3)Asconoid - cavity, syconoid - chambers, leuconoid - modular, series of canals (no central cavity)
- 16porifera reproductionhermaphroditic, mesohyl produces eggs and sperm, vivaparity
- 17vivaparitybirth to living organism
- 18taxon considered to be "true animals"Eumetazoa
- 19rhopaliasensory structure with statocysts (gravity), mechanoreceptors and photoreceptors
- 20Cnidarian apomorphies (6)stinging cells (cnidocytes), polyp adult with planula larva, nerve nets, longitudinal and circular muscles, endodermal gonads, circular mitochondrial DNA
- 21Ctenophore apomorphies (5)biradial symmetry, comb rows with ctenes, anal pore with statocyst, tentacles can change length, tentilla
- 22Bilaterian apomorphies (3)bilateral symmetry, cephalization, excretory organs
- 23Lophotrochozoa apomorphies (3)protonephridia/metanephridia, cells can secrete waste (function in isolation), chaetae of beta chitin
- 24Plathylminthes apomorphies (2)multicellular epidermis and gastrodermis with ciliated cells, protonephridia with two cilia in terminal cell
- 25Neodermisadaptation to parasitic lifestyle that protects against digestive enzymes and immune system, characteristic of neodermata
- 26Trematodespart of neodermata, molluscs = primary host, larval epidermis of ciliated cells and syncytial neodermis
- 27Monogenea vs. Cestodamonogenea - ectoparasites, no intermediate host, Cestoda - no gut, multiple intermediate hosts, neodermis
- 28Rotifera Apomorphies (4)corona, tetrocerebral gland, vitellarium, parthenogenesis
- 29Lophophorecrown of hollow ciliated tentacles
- 30types of Bryozoan zooids (4)autozooids - feeding, heterozooids - non feeding including avicularia - defense and vibracularia - cleaning
- 31Brachiopod reproductionradial cleavage, gonochoric, free spawners, brooding, larvae undergo metamorphosis
- 32Actinotroch Larvaelook like adult, indirect development, metasomal sac becomes body wall
- 33Annelid Apomorphy4 bundles of chaeta, enormously modified
- 34metamerismseries of units/segments each with elements of chief organ systems
- 35advantages of metamerism (4)regeneration, specialization, size, maintaining body parts (servicing)
- 36Tagmatizationstructural differentiation of groups of segments
- 375 common segments of tagmatizationpprostomium, peristomium, metameres, growth zone, pygidium
- 383 major polychaete lifestylesburrowers, crawlers, swimmers
- 39trocophore larvaneurotroch for feeding, metatroch and prototruch balance larva in water column, apical tuft of cilia
- 40epitokysexual reproduction, mass spawnings related to external cues, gametes inside epitoke
- 41clitellummodification of anterior segments, reproductive structure, not always present depending on time of year
- 42hypoxia toleranttolerant to low oxygen levels, seen in oligochaeta
- 43Echiura apomorphies (4)specialized ventral chaetae, ciliary groove in proboscis, prostomial coelom, intestinal siphon
- 44Echiura reproductiondwarf male lives parasitically in female, trocophore larva become male if land on female
- 45Sipuncula Apomorphies (5)tentacles, eversible introvert, intestinal ciliated groove, nuchal organ, hooks in cuticle
- 46pilidium larvacharacteristic to nemertea, mushroom shaped with apical tuft and ciliated lobe, have imaginal discs, undergo metamporphosis
- 47imaginal discsminiature forms of adult structures
- 48sister group to bivalvesscaphopoda
- 49Mollusca shell layers (4)perstracum (outer), ostracum (middle), hypostracum (inner), cuttle bone (internal shell)
- 50Radulatongue like structure with chitinous teeth, central structure of odontophore, used for scraping/collecting/grazing
- 51protostyleoccurs in style sac, different pHs to make materials accesible
- 52alternative molluscan phylogenyaplacophora as sister group to cephalopods
- 53aplacophora characteristicsvermiform, radula, reduced foot, no outer shell, highly modified mantle
- 54mollusca - aplacophorans =eumollusca
- 55tegmentumcentral part of valve, made of conchiolin, exposed to surface, cone shaped
- 56articulamenthumhidden in overlap, overlays hypostracum
- 57Spiral vs. Radial cleavageSpiral - second quartet shifted (fits between first), radial - equally sized cells added on top
Information
- Description
- (Winter 2014) Flashcards on Invert Midterm, created by j_sunga on 08/01/2014.
- Created by
- j_sunga
- Views
- 29
- Tags
- Rating