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Sara Bergquist Environmental systems and society SL English 45 cards

Cards in this deck (45)

  1. 1ISOLATED SYSTEMexchanges neither matter nor energy with its surroundings
  2. 2CLOSED SYSTEMexchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings
  3. 3OPEN SYSTEMexchanges matter and energy with its surroundings
  4. 41ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICSenergy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed
  5. 5POSITIVE FEEDBACKleads to increasing change in a system- accelerates deviation
  6. 6NEGATIVE FEEDBACKself-regulating method of control leading to the maintenance of a steady-state equilibrium- counteracts deviation
  7. 7SPECIESorganisms belong to the same species if they can reproduce and produce fertile offspring
  8. 82ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICSentropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will tend to increase over time
  9. 9TROPHIC LEVELthe position that an organism occupies in a food chain
  10. 10NICHEthe niche of an organism is a particular set of abiotic and biotic conditions and resources which it requires
  11. 11HABITATthe environment in which a species normally lives
  12. 12POPULATIONall the individuals, from one species, within a defined area at the same point in time
  13. 13ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDSgraphical models of the quantitative differences that exist between the trophic levels of a single ecosystem
  14. 14ECOSYSTEMa community of interdependent organisms and the physical environment which they inhabit
  15. 15COMMUNITYall the interacting populations within a habitat
  16. 16PYRAMID OF PRODUCTIVITYrefers to the rate of flow of energy/biomass through each trophic level and show a decrease along the food chain
  17. 17PYRAMID OF BIOMASSrepresents biomass of each trophic level- quantity of dry organic material
  18. 18PYRAMID OF NUMBERSshows the number of organisms at each trophic level at one point in time
  19. 19GROSS PRODUCTIVITYthe gain of energy/biomass in an organism per unit area per unit time
  20. 20BIOMEa collection of ecosystems sharing similar climatic conditions
  21. 21DIVERSITYfunction of 2 components: the number of different species and the relative number of individuals of each species
  22. 22NET PRODUCTIVITYthe gain of energy/biomass stored within an organism after allowing for respiratory losses, per unit area oer unit time
  23. 23PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITYthe gain in energy/biomass by producers/plants
  24. 24SECONDARY PRODUCTIVITYthe gain in energy/biomass by consumers
  25. 25NATURAL CAPITALterm used for natural resources that can produce a sustainable natural income of goods and services
  26. 26ZONATIONhow an ecosystem is changing along an environmental gradient
  27. 27SUCCESSIONhow an ecosystem changes over time
  28. 28NATURAL INCOMEthe yield obtained from natural resources
  29. 29RENEWABLE (natural capital)such as living species and ecosystems, self-producing and self-maintaining and uses solar energy and photosynthesis
  30. 30REPLENISHABLE (natural capital)such as groundwater and ozone layer, non-living, dependent on solar energy for renewal
  31. 31SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTdevelopment that meets currenct needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
  32. 32SUSTAINABILITYliving within the means of nature, on the sustainable income generated by natural capital
  33. 33NON-RENEWABLE (natural capital)such as fossil fuel and minerals, any use implies liquidating of the stock
  34. 34GENETIC DIVERSITYthe range of genetic materials in the gene pool of a population
  35. 35BIODIVERSITYamount of biological diversity per area- includes species, habitats and genetic diversity
  36. 36ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTthe area of land and water required to support a defined human population at a given standard of living. The area required to provide all the resources needed by a population and the assimilation of all its waste
  37. 37SPECIES DIVERSITYthe variety of species per unit area. based on both number of species and their relative abundance
  38. 38HABITAT DIVERSITYthe range of different habitats/niches per unit area in a system
  39. 39POLLUTIONthe addition of a substance to an environment through human activity at a rate greater than that at which it can be rendered
  40. 40BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen required to break down the organic material in a given volume of water through aerobic biological activity
  41. 41POINT SOURCE POLLUTIONpollution arising from a single clearly identifiable site
  42. 42NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTIONpollution which arises from numerous widely dispersed origins
  43. 43ECOCENTRISMholistic world view. minimum disturbance of natural processes. sustainability for the whole earth. self-imposed restraint on resource use
  44. 44ANTHROPOCENTRISMpeople as environmental managers of sustainable global systems. population control given equal weight to resource use.
  45. 45TECHNOCENTRISMtechnology can keep pace with and provide solutions to environmental problems. resource replacement solves resource depletion.

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SL Environmental systems and society Flashcards on Ensys flashcards, created by Sara Bergquist on 07/03/2016.
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Sara Bergquist
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