485606
Description
Flashcards by gatha.jayamohan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by gatha.jayamohan
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Nucleus | Controls what happens inside the cell |
| Chromosomes | Rod shaped bodies that contain DNA, found in the nucleus 23 pairs |
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) | Material carrying genetic information, found in the nucleus. |
| Gene | The basic unit of genetic material, inherited from our parents. A section of a chromosome |
| Allele | Different versions of the same gene |
| Ovaries | Pair of organs in the female reproductive system, producing eggs (ova) and sex hormones |
| Antibiotics | Substances that kill bacteria |
| Dominant (allele) | An allele that expresses itself whether partnered with a recessive or another dominant allele. |
| Recessive (Allele) | An allele that is suppressed by a dominant one. |
| Gene Therapy | Treating/preventing disease by introducing/replacing specific genes |
| Embryo | The developing human offspring in the womb |
| Clone | An organism that is genetically identical to it's parent -bacteria, some animals -plants - runners/plantlets/ug food storage organs |
| Homozygous | 2 of the same allele. Either two recessive or two dominant. |
| Hetrozygous | Two mismatching alleles. Dominant+Recessive |
| Genotype | Our genetic make up (combination of alleles) |
| Phenotype | A characteristic of an organism |
| Asexual Reproduction | No sex, 1 parent=clone -no fusion of gametes/genetic info |
| Enzymes | biological catalysts |
| Variation | Difference between individuals (environmental or genetic) |
| Cystic Fibrosis | recessive -thick sticky mucus in lungs :antibiotics-infections, physiotherapy-congestion |
| Huntington's Disorder | dominant -tremors, clumsiness, mood changes, memory loss, inability to concentrate |
| Ante/prenatal testing | analyse DNA before birth -cannot detect all inherited disorders -high chance of inheritance: down's syndrome |
| Neonatal testing | Just after birth detects early treatable disorders |
| Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis PGD | -embryos before implantation -eggs fertilised in dish (IVF) -tested, filtered, implanted |
| Carrier Testing | -identify recessive allele carriers |
| Predictive Testing | -detect possible developments of genetic disorders |
| False Positive | say there is when there isn't -abortions? |
| False Negative | there isn't when there is -continued pregnacy |
| Access to genetic profiles for employers | -predict sick leave to determine employment |
| Access genetic profiles for insurance companies | -life expectancy -deny service/increase cost |
| Stem Cells | embryonic- develop into any type adult - develop into most uses: brain cells, cartilage, bones, immune systems, heart valves |
| Therapeutic Cloning | foreign cells-rejected own cells-cloned -embryo-stem cells nucleus from egg+n from patients cell, simulated to form embryo, contained w/warm nutrients, treated to develp as necessary |
| Embryo Transplants | developing embryo removed, pre specialisation cells seperated, grown, implanted offspring-identical to eachother and original mother |
| Fusion cell cloning | replace nucleus of unfertilised egg (A) cell w/ another (B), implanted in 3rd baby=identical to donor (B |
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