Flashcards
2_RESEARCH METHODS
Cards in this deck (39)
- 1ApproachesBasic and Applied
- 2Basicmethod of gathering and evaluating data to acquire or improve theory, not to answer immediate concrete problems
- 3Examples of BasicThe early work of Skinner on reinforcement with birds,
Piaget on the cognitive development of his two children. - 4AppliedApplies or measures
Theory to assess effectiveness discovering answers to current problems.
Action research = applied research. - 5MethodsQuallitative and Quanitative
- 6Qualitativegathering of descriptive data
understood by integrating, grouping, and arranging it into patterns - 7Kinds of qualitativeSurvey aka desriptive
collecting data
(test and questionares)
understand current issues or topics - 8more quualitativeEx: sample research
Relationship between study time and test performance on GRE - 9Quantitativegathering and investigation
numerical data to answer questiond test hypotheses - 10Types of QuantitativeCorrelational
extent a statistical relationship
two or more variables, realted to single group of participants
(High Correlation does not revelal cause and effect between variables - 11Example of QuanitativeIs there a relationship between study times and test performance on the GRE?
- 12Quanitative: Casual Comparisonaka ex-post factor research
investigates whether a cause-effect relationship
exists between variables where the cause (independent variable) has already occurred. - 13Experimentalmininimizes effect of irrelevant variables.
reseachers to assume cause and effect statements of topic.
Strongest results of all quanitative approach - 14Experimental Example:Does the use of negative reinforcement in the form of a grade cause anxiety?
- 15Qualitative Methods Case studiespinpoint the features of a specific object, occurrence or individual.
yielding conclusions about quality, effectiveness, merit, or value of educational programs and products or practices. - 16Example of case studyTo what degree does Schema High School utilize constructivism in their classrooms?
- 17Grounded Theoryexamination of various phases of data collection and interpretation.
The stages allow for constant comparison analysis
results in narrowing the focus of the topic. - 18Example of Grounded TheoryIs there an underlying theory of the link between teacher appearance and student evaluations?
- 19Action Researchmostly qualitative, applied research approach
helping an educator or group of educators to change or improve a practice
help them understand issues and problems for themselves. - 20Example of Action ResearchHow can teachers reduce test anxiety?
- 21Ethnographymonitoring partakers in their natural occurring activities or setting
over a period of time in order to obtain a deep understanding of their perspectives and context. - 22Sample of EthnographyWhat are the cultural patterns and perspectives related to how parents view the link between class participation and academic achievement?
- 235. Historicalstudying and investigating and interpreting past events
- 24Example of HistoricalWhat trends developed in primary school reading instruction from 1910-1945?
- 25Content Analysisused in a variety of fields, to include Educational research.
- 26Content Analysis (Quantitative)analysis involves an unbiased, orderly
measureable description of the communication content - 27Latent Contenttheoretical relationships among words and matching patterns.
- 28Characteristics Purpose Method/Reasoning Hypothesis Nature Design Interaction with Context Data collectionQuantitative Research
(aka. Empirical or Analytical)
To generalize about or control phenomena
Primarily Deductive:
Specific predictions based on general observations, principles, or experiences
Identified prior to research, purpose of research is to test it
narrowly focused and outcome oriented
Clear, well-ordered sequence of steps
Tries to eliminate the influence of contextual variables
Primarily numerical data gathered through paper-and-pencil,
non-interactive instruments (can also include narrative data) - 29Characteristics Purpose Method/Reasoning Hypothesis Nature Design Interaction with Context Data collectionQualitative Research
(aka. Interpretive)
provide in-depth discriptions of settings and people
Primarily Inductive: Generalization based on specific observations and experiences
Begins with guiding research questions, which will be refined during data collection and analysis
Holistic and process oriented
Flexible and changeable during research
Tries to capture the richness of the context of the subjects and their perspectives
Primarily narrative data, collected from fieldwork (can also include numerical data) - 30Ethical GuidelinesInformed Consent.
Potential research participants must be provided with information that enables them to make an informed decision as to whether they want to participate in the research study. - 31Ethical Guidelines cont'dInformed consent must be obtained from parents or guardians of minors.
- 32Ethical Continued2. assent must be obtained from minors who are old enough or have enough intellectual capacity to say they are willing to participate.
Assent means the minor agrees to participate after being informed of all the features of the study that could affect the participant’s willingness to participate. - 33Deception1. If deception is used, debriefing should be used. Debriefing is a post study interview in which all aspects of the study are revealed
reasons for deception are explained, and any questions the participant has about the study are answered. - 34DebriefingDehoaxing — informing study participants about deception that was used and the reasons for its use.
Desensitizing — helping study participants deal with and eliminate any stress or other undesirable feelings that the study might have created - 35Freedom to Withdrawmust be informed that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
If you have a power relationship with the participants (e.g., if you are their teacher or employer) you must be extra careful to make sure that they really do feel free to withdraw. - 36Protection from Mental and Physical Harm-informed that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
If you have a power relationship with the participants (e.g., if you are their teacher or employer) you must be extra careful to make sure that they really do feel free to withdraw. - 37Protection from Mental and Physical Harmmost fundamental ethical issue confronting the researcher.
Fortunately, much educational research poses minimal risk to participants (as compared, for example, to medical research). - 38ConfidentialityConfidentiality is a basic requirement in all studies.
researcher agrees not to reveal the identity of the participant to anyone other than the researcher and his or her staff. - 39AnonymityBetter and stronger
not known by anyone in the study, including the researcher.
example: researcher has a large group of people fill out a questionnaire but NOT write their names on it.
researcher ends up with data, but no names.
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- Created by Kellae Gyening · Mar 15, 2016
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