GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Exam 2: The Integumentary System

Tessia D Sophomore (2 Semester) * English 62 cards

Exam 2: The Integumentary System

Cards in this deck (62)

  1. 1Integument- larges organ system of the body
    - the "Gatekeeper"
    - VASCULAR and innervated
    -made up of two parts:
    1. epidermis and dermis (the skin)
    2. accessory structures (nails, hair follicles, etc.)
  2. 2Functions of the skin1. Protection
    2. Prevents (water/fluid loss)
    3. Immune function (langerhans cell)
    4. Maintains temp
    5. Secretion
    6. Metabolic regulation (synthesizes melanin and vitamin D)
    7. Sensory Perception
  3. 3—(picture)(picture)
  4. 4Danger Sensors =mechanoreceptors
  5. 5Epidermisstratified, squamous epithelium with keratin
  6. 6Epidermis: MechanoreceptorsMeissner's Corpuscles
    Pacinian Corpuscle
    Naked Nerve endings
    Nerve Fibers associated with hair
    - # per area = sensitivity to touch
  7. 7Meissner's Corpusclesfine touch
    at the surface of the skin    Meissner's Corpuscles
  8. 8Pacinian Corpusclevibration and pressurePacinian Corpuscle
  9. 9Naked Nerve Endingssense pain, hot and cold
  10. 10Sensory Endings =processes from the dorsal root ganglion neurons
  11. 11Epidermal RidgesfingerprintsEpidermal Ridges
  12. 12Dermal Papillae- tiny mounds
    - inc area of basal lamina
    - strengthens attachment of epidermis to dermis
    - causes the overlying epidermal ridges    Dermal Papillae
  13. 13MelanocytesContains the pigment melanin
    - located in the Stratum Germinativum    Melanocytes
  14. 14—(picture)(picture)
  15. 15KeratinocytesALL SKIN CELLS are called this
  16. 16Thin Skin- covers most of the body
    - 3 layers of keratinocytes (thick as a plastic sandwich bag)
    - Thin Stratum Corneum
  17. 17—star = acellularstar = acellular
  18. 18Thick Skin- covers palms of the hands and souls of the feet
    - has three layers of keratinocytes
    - more keratin
  19. 19—star = acellularstar = acellular
  20. 205 Layers of the Epidermis5 Layers of the Epidermis
  21. 211. Stratum CorneumTop layer
    (acellular. not cells, but what cells make over time)
    - the "horn layer"
    - up to 30 layers of keratin
    - water resistant
    - takes 7-10 days for cells to move from the stratum germinativum to here    1. Stratum Corneum
  22. 222. Stratum Lucidum(Acellular. not cells, but what cells make over time)
    *** ONLY IN THICK SKIN
    - the "clear layer"
    - covers stratum granulosum. filled with organelles and keratin    2. Stratum Lucidum
  23. 233. Stratum Granulosum- the "grainy layer" produce protein fibers
    - stops dividing but continues to produce:
    Keratin and Keratohyalin
    - cells degenerate and die containing tightly interlocked layers of keratin and keratohyalin    3. Stratum Granulosum
  24. 24Keratina tough fiberous protein
    - makes up hair and nails
  25. 25Keratohyalindense granules cross link keratin fibers
  26. 264. Stratum Spinosum- the "spiny layer"
    - contains Dendric (langerhans) cells
    - several layers of keratinocytes bound by desmosomes
    - cells shrink during fixation but desmosomes remain attached (spiny)
    - division continues. thickness of epithelium increases    4. Stratum Spinosum
  27. 27Dendric Langerhans cellsactive in immune response
  28. 285. Stratum Germinativumthe Last layer (deepest)
    - the "germinative layer"
    - has germinative (stem) cells or BASIL CELLS attacked to basil lamina by hemidesmosomes
    - **strong bond between epidermis and dermis    5. Stratum Germinativum
  29. 29Psoriasisimmune system attacks keratinocytes and causes overgrowth/production of cells
  30. 30Keratinizationthe formation of a layer of dead, protective layers of keratin = acellular
    - occurs on all exposed surfaces except the eyes
    - skin life cycle 7-10 days
  31. 31Melanin 2 Types: Eumelaninbrown/black hair
    - grey black yellow brown
    areola
    skin
  32. 32Melanin 2 Types: Pheomelaninpink to red
    red hair, lips, nipples, glans, penis, vagina
  33. 33Melanocytes function(all have the same amount, but skin color depends on activity)
    - in Stratum Germinativum
    - protects skin from sun and UV radiation (DNA mutations and burns that can lead to cancer and wrinkles)
  34. 34The two types of melanin produce melanocytes, which are stored in transport vessels called:melanosomes
  35. 35Carotene- orange yellow pigment
    - in orange vegetables and not made by animals
    - converted to vitamin A
  36. 36Melanosomesconvert tyrosine to melanin, a pigment
    - pigment migrates out of the cell and towards the cells to protect and wraps around them
  37. 37Keratinocyte Uptakesupranuclear
    - protects from UV rays
  38. 38Increase in melanosomes caused byexposure to sunlight
  39. 39Increased number of melanocytesexcessive sun exposure
  40. 40The Dermisconnective tissue and accessory structures
    - between epidermis and dermis
    - anchors accessory structures: hair follicles, etc
    - 2 components:
    1. outer papillary layer
    2. deep reticular layer
  41. 41—(picture)(picture)
  42. 42Outer Papillary Layerloose, areolar connective tissue
    - small capillaries, lymphocytes, and sensory receptors
    - forms dermal papillae between epidermal ridges
  43. 43Deep Reticular Layer- Dense irregular connective tissue
    - large blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerve fibers
    - collagen fibers and bundles of elastic fibers
  44. 44Dermal strength and elasticity caused by:1. Collagen fibers: very strong, bend easily
    2. Elastic Fibers: strength and can recoil to original shape
  45. 45Skin Damage caused by:damaged collagen fibers
    - Wrinkles: due to dehydration, age, hormonal changes, and UV exposure
    - Stretch Marks: thickened tissue from weight gain and pregnancy
  46. 46The Dermis: Lines of Cleavagecollagen and elastic fibers arranged in parallel bundles to resist force in a specific direction
    - need to cut with these lines to heel properly
  47. 47The Hypodermics (Subcutaneous Layer)- lies below the epidermis and dermis (connected to the reticular layer by connected tissue)
    - deposits of subcutaneous fat, and the site of SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTIONS
    - stabilizes the skin
    - allows separate movement
    - made of areolar and adipose tissue
    -
  48. 48Accessory (Adnexal) Structures of the Skin- Hair, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails.
    - derived from the Embryonic Epidermis (grow down connective tissue and differentiate)
    - in the DERMIS
    - project through skin surface
  49. 49Functions of the hairHair is keratinized cells
    - protection and warmth
    - sensitive to very light touch
  50. 50Arrector Pili- pulls up hair
    - involuntary smooth muscle
    - goose bumps
    - sympathetic NS
  51. 51Sebaceous Glands- short duct
    - lubricate the hair
    - control of bacteria
    - exocrine gland
  52. 52—(picture)(picture)
  53. 53Exocrine glands of the skinSebaceous and sweat glands
  54. 54Sebaceous Glands- some associated with hair follicles
    - HOLOCRINE glands (whole cell secreted)
    - secrete sebum
  55. 55Sweat Glands (2)CONTROLLED BY SYMPATHETIC NS
    - Merocrine (eccrine) sweat gland: watery, electrolyte secretions. palms and souls. flushes out chemicals
    - Apocrine sweat gland: in the "A" regions: armpits, nipples and groin. odiferous due to bacterial degradation of secretions
    thermoregulation, autonomic ns
  56. 56—picturepicture
  57. 57—(picture)(picture)
  58. 58—(picture)(picture)
  59. 59Myoepithelial cellscontractile proteins in cytoplasm
    - squeezes material out of duct
  60. 60Cell Repairmakes matrix and repairs
    - makes new epithelium with granulation tissue
  61. 61—picturepicture
  62. 62—picturepicture

Information

Description
* Sophomore (2 Semester) (ANPS) Flashcards on Exam 2: The Integumentary System, created by Tessia D on 18/03/2016.
Created by
Tessia D · Mar 2016
Updated
Apr 6, 2018
Views
0
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?