Flashcards
Unit 2 Living things and the environment
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1Living things are made of cellsOrganisms are made up of one or more cells.
- 2Living things need energyLiving things use energy to maintain the cellular processes functioning (to move things around, reproduce, digest nutrients, build more cells, communicate, etc)
- 3Living things react to stimuliLiving things can react to internal and external stimuli.
Examples:
plants growing in the direction of the Sun, sweating,
sperm cell finding the egg,
iguanas looking for shade in a sunny day,
your breathing rate increasing when you exercise. - 4Living things grow, develop and dieAll living things go through a life cycle
Unicellular organisms grow until the cell divides into two new cells.
Multicellular organisms increase their number of cells. These cells can differentiate and specialize.
Eventually, living things die - 5Living things reproduceLiving things can produce other living things.
There are two basic kinds of reproduction:
Sexual reproduction: involve gametes (e.g. sperm cells and eggs). The organism produced is a mixture of two different individuals. This is how mammals reproduce.
Asexual reproduction: individuals can, sometimes, make copies of themselves on their own. This is how many bacteria reproduce. - 6What you think living things need to survive?Water
Shelter
Stable environment
Oxygen (most)
Light (many)
Nutrients: minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Protection against UV rays - 7EcologyThe study of living organisms in the natural environment, how they interact with one another and how they interact with their nonliving environment
- 8SpeciesA group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fully fertile offspring
- 9PopulationA group of organisms of the same species which live in the same habitat at the same time where they can freely interbreed
Habitat = place in which an organism lives - 10CommunityAll the populations of the different species living and interacting in the same environment
- 11EcosystemAll the living things (biotic factors) and non-living things (abiotic factors) interacting in an environment
Example of biotic factors: living things (animals, plants, microorganisms, etc)
Examples of abiotic factors: non-living things like water, temperature, soil, light, air... - 12AutotrophProducer = organism that makes its own food (plants, algae)
- 13Heterotrophorganism that gets food from the environment (animals, fungi)
- 14Decomposersorganism that eats dead organic matter (bacteria, fungi, vultures, earthworms)
- 15Consumers can be:Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores - 16Food Chains/Food WebsA food chain represents the flow of energy from the sun to autotrophs to heterotrophs
- 17Let’s classify the organisms into:Producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers
Quaternary consumers - 18MUTUALISM:Both species benefit (+/+)
- 19PARASITISM:One species benefits at the expense of another (+/-)
Host (-)/Parasite (+) - 20COMMENSALISM:One species benefits, other is unaffected (+/0)
- 21PREDATION:One species benefits at the expense of another (+/-)
Predator (+) / Prey (-) - 22How are organisms classified?2 Latin names
Homo sapiens
Homo = genus
Homo sapiens = species
Genus= initial capital letter
Specific name = lower case
Always italic - 23HierarchyKINGDOM
PHYLUM (PHYLA - plural)
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES - 24Domains3 domains:
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya - 25Kingdoms6 kingdoms
Eubacteria
Archaea
Protista
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae - 26Invertebratesno backbone
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Roundworms
Mollusks
Annelida
Arthropods
Echinoderms - 27Vertebrates:with backbone
Fish
Amphibian
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals - 28PoriferaSponges
Pores
Filter water
Asymmetrical
Do not move
Eat plankton - 29CnidariaJellyfish, anemones, coral
Stinging cells in tentacles
Radial symmetry
Eat: small and large organisms like fish - 30PlatyhelminthesTapeworm, planaria, marine flatworms
Bilateral symmetry
predators/some parasites: steal food from host
No circulatory system
Segmented - 31RoundwormsAscaris
Bilateral symmetry
Mostly parasites
Slender, not segmented - 32AnnelidsEarthworms, Leeches
Terrestrial, marine, parasites
“Rings” – segmented body
Bilateral symmetry - 33MollusksClams, Snails, Slugs, Squid, Octopus
Soft body
Shell
Bilateral symmetry
Primitive brain - 34ArthropodsCrabs, lobsters, shrimp, spiders, mites, scorpions, centipedes, insects
Articulated legs
Hard exoskeleton
Segmented body
Shed exoskeleton in order to grow
Bilateral symmetry - 35EchinodermsSea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar, starfish
Marine
Radial symmetry - 36Cold-blooded animalsEctothermic
- 37Warm-bloodedEndothermic
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- International Baccalaureate Science (Unit 2) Flashcards on Unit 2 Living things and the environment, created by Mariana r on 30/03/2016.
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