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| Question | Answer |
| What is a balanced diet? | A balanced diet gives the body all the essential nutrients it needs. |
| What are the 6 essential nutrients? | Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals and Water |
| What are the uses of the essential nutrients? | Carbohydrates - provides energy Fats - provides energy, acts as an energy store, provides insulation Proteins - needed for growth and repair of tissue, provides energy during emergency Vitamins and Minerals - eg. Vitamin C prevents scurvy, iron (a mineral) used to make haemoglobin Water - prevent dehydration |
| What are carbohydrates made of and where are they stored? | Carbohydrates are made up of long chains of simple sugars like glucose. They are stored in the liver as glycogen or converted to fats. |
| What are fats made of and where are they stored? | Fats are made up of 3 fatty acids linked to a molecule of glycerol. They can be stored under the skin and around organs as adipose tissue. |
| What are proteins made of and where are they stored? | Proteins are made up of amino acids. There are 22 amino acids. They don't get stored. |
| What are essential amino acids? | They are the amino acids that can't be made by the body so it is obtained from a diet. |
| Why is it necessary for vegetarians to eat a wide variety of plant sources? | Plant proteins don't contain all essential amino acids so vegetarians need to eat a wide variety of plant sources to make sure they have a complete range of amino acids in their diet. |
| What's another name for animal proteins? | First Class Proteins |
| What's another name for plant proteins? | Second Class Proteins |
| Explain the different reasons a balanced diet dependent on. | Age - Children and teenagers need more protein for growth. Older people need more calcium to protect against degenerative bone diseases like osteoporosis. Gender - Females need more iron to replace the iron lost in menstrual blood. Physical activity - Active people need more protein for muscle development, and more carbohydrate for energy. |
| Explain the reasons as to why some people choose to eat a different diet. | Religious - eg. Hindus don't eat cows as they believe that they're sacred. Personal - vegetarians don't eat meat as some think it's cruel to animals, healthier, trendy or they don't like the taste. Vegans don't eat anything that are products of animals. Medical - some people are intolerant to certain foods, as their body can't make the enzyme needed to digest that food properly. Some others are allergic to foods and can get serve reaction which can sometimes be fatal. |
| What condition can be caused by eating too little protein and what is a common symptom for it? | It can cause a condition called kwashiorkor. A common symptom is a swollen stomach. |
| Why is kwashiorkor common in developing countries? | Overpopulation - the demand for protein rich food is greater than what is available Lack of money - there is little money to invest in agriculture meaning it is difficult to produce enough protein rich food for everyone. |
| How do you calculate a person's Estimated Average daily Requirement (EAR) of protein? | Using the formula: EAR (g) = 0.6 x body mass (kg) |
| Explain the reliability of EAR. | EAR is just an estimate. It shows how much protein the average person of a particular body mass should eat a day. It can vary with age. It can also change during and after pregnancy. |
| Explain the problems anorexia nervosa. | Anorexia nervosa leads to self-starving. It results in a poor diet, which can cause a host of other illnesses. e.g. liver failure, kidney failure, heart attacks, muscle wastage, low blood pressure and mineral deficiencies. This disorder can be fatal |
| Explain the problems bulimia nervosa. | Bulimia nervosa involves binge eating, followed by self-induced vomiting. Bulimia can lead to tooth decay (the acid in vomit eats away the tooth enamel). This disorder can be fatal. |
| What problems can be caused by being overweight or obese? | Arthritis, heart disease, diabetes and breast cancer. |
| How do you calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI)? | |
| Explain the reliability of BMI. | BMI isn't always reliable. Athletes have lots of muscle, which weighs more than fat, so they can have a high BMI even though they’re not overweight. |
| What is an alternative to BMI? | An alternative to BMI is measuring % body fat. |
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