Flashcards
PHL 131
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1Define definition of ARGUMENTIs a set of claims, one which is meant to be supported but others
PREMISE + CON = ARGUMENT
a technique, a way to present claims (by establishing a relationship between those claims), in order to draw a conclusion from the presented claims. - 2ConclusionClaim meant to be supported buy reasons offered in an argument
- 3PREMISEclaim put forth as a reason for a conclusion
- 4Inferencemove from a premise to a conclusion in an argument
- 5Premise indicator • since • for • because • for that reason thatwords used to indicate that a premise is about to be given
- 6Conclusion Indicators • so • thus • therefore • hence • we can conclude that • consequentlywords used to indicate a conclusion is about to be drawn
- 7ENTHMEMESAre arguments that have implicit premises or conclusions
e.g.
She is armed. She is dangerous.
v cv b - 8Intermediate conclusionA claim supported by other claims, but that itself also provides support for a further conclusion
- 9SIMPLE ARGUMENTScontain only one inference, only one conclusion
- 10COMPLEX ARGUMENTS• Arguments that have at least one intermediate conclusion
• They can have several intermediate conclusions, e.g., a book is one very long complex argument
• Complex arguments contain more than one inference - 11ExplanationTake for granted that listener does not need to be convinced about about the case being discussed. Focuses on why something is the case.
- 12ArgumentConvince the lister to believe claims. Its arguing that something is the case.
- 13logical, illogical, non- logicallogical or/and illogical are used to describe the relationship between one idea, belief, or statement and another
- 14TRUTHonly speak about the value of a declarative sentence
• Any and every declarative sentence can be either true or false; nothing else! - 15assertions/ declarative sentencesstating that something is (or is not) the case can be used as premises in an argument (in other words, declarative sentences are reasons that we use to present an argument
Questions, exclamations, etc cannot be a part of an argument; they are not reasons - 16syllogismA simple argument consisting of two premises that lead to a conclusion
(1) All men are mortal.
(2) Socrates is a man.
... Socrates is mortal. - 17—
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- Flashcards on PHL 131 , created by Yakira Venagiam on 06/04/2016.
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- Yakira Venagiam
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