512042
Description
Flashcards by andreaarose, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by andreaarose
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Technical training | Focuses on teaching what is already known about a topic. |
| Scientific education | Focuses on teaching what is known and how to find out what is not yet known. |
| Reliability | Tendency of a measurement instrument to provide the same info on different occasions. |
| Measurement error | Cumulative effect of extraneous influences on the score. Low = high reliability. |
| Low precision of measurement | Undermines reliability through mistakes in recording of data. |
| State of the participant | Reliability may be influenced by the participant's responses or behaviour. |
| State of the experimenter | Reliability may be influenced by how the experimenter treats them. |
| The environment | Reliability can be influenced by temperature, noise. |
| Factors that can enhance reliability | Be careful with all research procedures, use a standardized procedure and measuring something that is important to participants and aggregation. |
| Aggregation | Averaging across multiple measurements of something is more reliable than a single measurement. |
| Validity | The degree to which a measurement actually reflects what one thinks, must be reliable. |
| Construct | Something that cannot be directly seen or touched but affects and helps to explain many different things that are visible - intelligence. |
| Construct validation | Establishing the validity of a measure by comparing it to a wide range of other measures. |
| Generalizability | The degree to which a measurement applies to other tests, other situations or other individuals. |
| Gender bias | Historical use of all male samples and greater proportion of female participants in undergrad studies. |
| People who participate in research vs. those who don't | Shows vs. no shows differ in systematic ways. |
| Cohort effects | Tendency of a group of people living at a particular time in history to be different from those who lived earlier. |
| Socio demographic diversity | Most research is based on white, middle class, university/college students. |
| WEIRD participants | Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic. |
| Case method | Closely studying a particular event or person of interest in order to find out as much as possible. |
| Advantages of the case method | Describes whole phenomena, source for ideas and is sometimes necessary. |
| Disadvantages of case methods | You have no control and require additional confirmation. |
| Experimental method | Experimental manipulation and control of the independent variable. |
| Correlational method | Establishes the relationship between two variables by measuring both variables in a sample of participants. |
| Experimental method vs. correlational method | Only experiments can examine causality. |
| Statistically significant result | A result that would be unlikely to appear due to chance alone. |
| Statistical significance | A result that would only occur by chance less than 5% of the time. |
| Null hypothesis significance testing | "What are the chances that we would have found this result, if nothing were really going on?" |
| Null hypothesis | No relationship between the variables. |
| Effect sizes | An index of the strength of the relationship between variables. |
| Correlation coefficient | Can be used to describe the strength of results from different kinds of studies. |
| Deception | Telling participants something that is not true. |
| Debriefing | Explaining the real purpose of the study, the role of the deception. |
| Arguments against deception | Consent is not really informed, deception can harm credibility. |
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