512169
Description
| Question | Answer |
| Describe love of association(Hobbs) | gov. provides the formation of communities to promote well-being: pursuit of juctice is key |
| Fear of harm: | GOv. provides for order and security, collective lif eis unstable, well being ensured by using power to stabilize human realtions |
| How was HObbs | English policitcal philospher lived whrn there was religious conflict(PvC)Enlish civil war, terror of the spanish armada |
| What was hobs first published work | Thucdides |
| What is the Leviathan | concerns human nature, violence, authority, and social contract |
| HOw is the governe,tn in the Leviethan | gov authority is based on secular utitarianism rather than divine right |
| Who was JJ Rousseau | philosopher of the Age of enlightenment:Social contract, Discourse on the origin on inequality |
| What do Rousseou, Hobbs and Locke all have in comman | he built his social and political theories upon a conception of human nature |
| Rousseu vs Hobbs | R: his view of the state of nature is that man is essentially good and happy |
| How is man in the State of nature | man was god,self sufficent, comapssionate and un proud |
| According to Rou. Society develops mans facultied and ther by | corrupts him |
| What does R say about hobbs | tha t he was wrong in thinking that war was a natural state or condtion |
| What does R say about the natural man | that he was guided by self preservation |
| R. on fear of violent death | it is a product of society not nature |
| Acc to r: the natural principle of self preservation is moderated by_ | compassion a natural principle also found in animals |
| Acc to R: how are iniqualities created in society? | as a product of our ability to think and calcualte, discoverign relations |
| acc to r: what also occurs as inequalites are discovered | Violence in competion for material means of exsitence |
| R. Social Contract argues what | against Hobbs idea of soverighnty but acknowledges brutishness in the state of nature |
| Acc to Social contrat: how do we achive full potntial | the essence goodness of man requires social organization |
| THe social contract: what does it say about community | that is is to by guided and regulated by the sovreign power of the gernal will |
| What does Tackett say on the "reign of terror" | revolutionaries belief in single indivisible "genreal will" led them to conclude that all opposition or dissent was criminal or counter revolutionary |
| What did the gernal will leadinf to criminal counter revoutionary lead to | the idea of conspiracy and of a prevasive enemy with whom to engage in a death struggle |
| DEscribe Freud | lived in vienna, fled autria after nazi wen to london, Fr of theory personailty, and form of psycotherapy |
| Freuds work most pertinent to anger and agression | Beyon the pleasure Principle |
| What was freuds concept of the death instinct? | a provacative thesis on innate savageness of man human agression is a result of its directing outward of the death instinct in the service of Eros |
| What isnt mentions in the death instinct principle | anger |
| What can neutralize the death instinct | fusion with life instincts |
| What can be a vicarious rlease for the death instinct | displaement |
| Freud sought to undterstand human conflict not only in patients but | in humna society |
| How is Freuds thinking metaphorical | conlfict viewd as opposing forces(life instinctvs. death instinct), the theme of death was salient to him (WW1) |
| How did freuds great instinct in archeology | he digs into the human psyche |
| Carl von Clausewitz book on war | well known forhis view of war as a rational instrument on natl. policy |
| Who was Carl von Clause | prussion solider, in the prussian army, wounded taken priosoner, became a major general |
| Rapaport: Phil of War : what were the 3 philosophies | 1. Political/Rational 2. Eschatological 3.Cataclymic |
| Rap: Philosophies of War: define Political/Rational | War is an act of violence intended to compel our opponent to fufill our will |
| Based on th ePhil of War by Rapaport: how is war rational | it is a decision based on an estomated cost and gains |
| Based on th ePhil of War by Rapapport: how is war intrumental | it is waged to achieve some goal, never for its own sake |
| Based on the philosphies of war by Rapaport howis war national | It advances the interests of a mobilized nation |
| Metaphor for war being political and rational | War is a chess game |
| Rap: Phill of war, how is war Eschatological(ultimates destiny of the world) | History will culminates in a final war leading to the infolding of some grand design either divine, natural, or human |
| What are the 2 varians of the estachological philosophy | Messianic and Global |
| What is messianic | some exsisting agency is destined to carry out the grand design |
| Define Golbal variant of the eschatological theory | the desighn arises from the chaos of the "final" war |
| What is the metaphor for eschatological | war is a mission of denouement(final part) of a drama |
| Of Rapaports phil of war: Define Cataclymic(large violent event in the war) | War as a catastrophe that befalls some portion of humanity or the entire human race(prophets account of war as the wrath of God) |
| What are the 2 variants of Cataclysmic | ethnocentric and golbal |
| Describe Ethnocentric | war as something likley to happen to us done by other who threaten us |
| Describe Global | war as a cataclym afflicting humanity, no one in particular is responsible for war, and noone is expected to gain |
| What is the metaphor for cataclymic | war as a fire or epidemic |
| WHo created the requirements for a just war | Thomas aquinas, summa theologic vol 35 question 49 war |
| What are the 3 requirments of a just war; to be permissible | 1. soverign 2. a just cause 3. the right intention |
| Describe a soverign with properly conferred authority | protection of the commanwealth |
| DEscribe a just cause | avenges wrongs |
| Describe the right intention | promotion of the good and to avoid evil |
| When did obama evoke the just war concept | Oslo Nobel peace prize |
| Anger is intriniscally infused with | the theme of justification |
| When harm or injuctice has been done what happens to the social norms of retaliation and retribution | they are engaged |
| What do we seek to legitimize and and agression | with a ratinale of having a just cause |
| Regans diplomatic overture to accomidate chancelors kohls request to visit a cementary at Bitbug was intended to | to bury past enmity with germany and to emphasizr allied solidarity and be a symbol for reconciliation |
| In 1985 Bitburg symbols: what happened with the powerful symbols associated with Nazis | the alleged graves of the wafen ss troops incited enourmous uproar of protest especially in US |
| What did regan do | its stuck by his commitment to kohl and endured many weeks of searing criticism |
| When did anger intensify | when dachau visit was dropped, then bergen belsen was adder, Regan was dignified throughout |
| What was Banduras Mora diengagemnt | framework concerning personal regualtion of human conduct: views the person as an agent of moral reasoning |
| What is moral diengament | moral self censure diengaged from reprehensible |
| What is self influence | it gives meaning to moral agency |
| What are the 2 aspects to moral agency | inhibitive and proactive |
| inhibitive moral agency | refrain from behaving inhumanly |
| proactive moral agency | invest in humane convictions and social obligation |
| Diengemant may center on 4. | 1. reconstruction of the conduct itself 2. operation of agency of action-perpetrators 3. consequences that follow from actions 4. how victims are regarded |
| Reconstruction of the conduct itself | justification, palliatives, ephemisms |
| Operation of agency of action- perpetrators minimze thier role | displacement/diffusion of responsibilty |
| Consequences that follow form actions | minimizing, ignoring, misconstring |
| How victims are regardes are regarded | devaluation, blaming |
| Given peoples dexterous facility for justification what happens to inhumnaites | they get clothed in moral wrappings |
| Who was Niclo Machiavelli | political philosopher, "The Prince" worked for the Florentine REpublic, served in diplomatic service, political upheal bw citystates, foreign powers invaded |
| HOw was Machiavellis name used | as a symbol for pervasive themes of social life " violence, force and aggresive" |
| What was M concious about | of the influence of agression on the human society, loved in a waold of violence and disorder |
| What is history | philosophy teaching by example |
| Mach saw wisdom in | THe political order of romans: recognized vilence as a functional reality, magaged it, not eliminate or deny conflict |
| HOw did M view violence | as a a part of the natural order and advocated that it dhould be used judiciouslt by a ruler to preserve power and to insure security |
| What did M overturn | the humnaistic prescription: which resulted in an upheaval on morality |
| M rejects__ | fundemental humanist axioms as mistakes |
| What dos M state on any consistant atempt to cultivated pincley virtues | it will prove to be ruinously irrational policy |
| Acc to M a wise prince is guided by | the dictated of necessity: so he must be prepared to act immorally and to use controlled violence to overcome "Fortuna" |
| M repeatedly ststes that | one must judge from the reults |
| How does loved or feared translate to todays language | liked vs respected |
| How does M feel about a leader being loved or feared | it is bes to be both, it is better to be fear ( respect) |
| M belives that avoiding being hated__ | inhibits conspiraces |
| The operative premise says that | men are evil, self interested, cannot be trusted, and will not keep pleadges |
| M: Fear is accompanied by | dread of pain |
| Men love as they themselves___ But feas as the ruler___ | Men love as they themselves determin, but fear as the ruler determines |
| A wise prince relies on | what he himself can control , needs only to strive to avoid being hated |
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