5132796
Description
Flashcards by Hayden McElduff, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hayden McElduff
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Explain the body's need for a respiratory system | All cells need oxygen for respiration and need carbon dioxide to be removed Ensures that cells have a constant supply of oxygen and that carbon dioxide is continually removed from cells. |
| Label a diagram of the lungs and describe the function of each part | See page 99 of textbook |
| Explain why the respiratory surfaces are suited to gas exchange | Lungs are suited to gas exchange because: Alveoli gives huge surface area Each alveolus is well supplied with blood vessels. Continuous flow of blood helps to maintain a difference in concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Gas molecules don't have to travel far because of the thin walls of the alveolus membrane Lungs are deep in the body so excessive evaporation of fluid does not occur. Important because gases can only diffuse into and out of the blood when they are dissolved in fluid. Lung volume can be changed to ensure a difference in concentrations between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air and blood |
| Describe the process of inspiration | For air to flow into the lungs, the pressure of air in the lungs must be less than the atmospheric pressure outside the body. To decrease the pressure of air in the lungs, the volume of the lungs is increased. To increase the volume of the lungs, the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract. Air pressure in the lungs is slightly lower than the pressure outside. Air flows though the nose and trachea until the pressure becomes equal. |
| Describe the process of expiration | Opposite to inspiration Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax Reduces volume of chest cavity and therefore volume of lungs. Air pressure on lungs greater than outside. Air flows out through trachea and nose until pressure is equal. |
| Describe the exchange between alveolar air and blood | Artery to lungs brings deoxygenated blood to the capillaries Carbon dioxide diffuses from the higher concentration in the blood to the lower concentration in the air in the alveolus Gases diffuse though capillaries easily because of the film of moisture and the thin walls between them Oxygen diffuses from the higher concentration in the air in the alveolus to the lower concentration in the blood. Oxygenated blood leaves capillaries of the alveoli and is taken to the heart in the veins from the lungs. |
| List the percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide in inspired and expired air (table) | |
| Describe emphysema | Caused by long term exposure to irritating particles taken into lungs Particles irritate and cause damage to alveoli. Alveoli lose elasticity and are replaced with fibrous tissue that can break down Lungs constantly inflated due to inelasticity Expiration no longer a passive process Can't be treated once it starts Difficulty ventilating Stop smoking and reduce exposure to pollution and asbestos to prevent it |
| Describe lung cancer | Mass of cells that divides uncontrollably and causes tumour in the lungs. Mucous membrane of bronchi is irritated by particles Excess production of mucous cells begin to divide rapidly causing a tumour Treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery Difficulty ventilating and Lung tumour cased Less smoking and exposure to tobacco and asbestos reduces risk |
| Describe Pneumonia (lung infection) | infection of the lungs from bacteria, virus, fungi etc. Inflammation from infection causes secretion of fluids and mucous into alveoli. Reduces amount of air and surface area they contain Antibiotics and antiviral drugs can treat it Causes breathing difficulty Good hygiene reduces risk as when infected people cough or sneeze etc. droplets of moisture may be inhaled by others. |
| Describe tuberculosis (lung infection) | Infection of the lung by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Droplets from mucous sneezing etc. of infected people causes it. Medicine and drugs can treat it Can cause breathing difficulty Good hygiene reduces risk of getting it |
| Describe asthma | Allergic response to foreign substances that enter the body Irritation of membrane causes secretion of excessive mucous. Mucous restricts movement of air and gas exchange can't take place to supply oxygen to the blood Inhalers and Medicine can be used to treat it Asthma attack and breathing difficulty are caused Reduce the amount of asthma triggers (e.g. pollen etc.) to prevent it |
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