Flashcards
Chapter 4 - Cells exchange materials
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1What is tissue/extracellular fluid?The immediate surroundings of a cell AKA the fluid that surrounds a cell
- 2What is homoeostasis?Where body systems work together to make sure the cellular environment is kept constant
- 3What are phospholipid molecules?The main structure of the cell membrane.
- Made of lipids and a phosphate group
- Arranged in 2 layers known as a bilayer - 4Describe the structure of a phospholipid moleculeEach molecule has a hydrophillic (water loving) head and a hydrophobic (water hating) tail.
- 5What are channel proteins?Proteins that have a central pore that allows water, ions and other small molecules to pass through the membrane into the cell
- 6List the 4 functions of the cell membrane1. Physical Barrier
2. Regulates passage of materials
3. Sensitivity
4. Support - 7List the 4 types of membrane proteins1. Receptor Proteins
2. Channel Proteins
3. Carrier Proteins
4. Cell-identity markers - 8What is a passive process?Transfer across the cell's membrane that doesn't require oxygen
- 9What is an active process?Transfer across the cell's membrane that requires oxygen
- 10List the three types of transport across the cell membrane1. Diffusion
2. Carrier-mediated transport
3. Vesicular transport - 11What kinds of processes does each type of transport use?Diffusion = Passive
Carrier-Mediated = Passive/Active
Vesicular = Active - 12Briefly describe diffusionThe spreading out of particles so they are evenly distributed over the avaliable space
- 13What is the concentration gradient?The difference in concentration that brings about diffusion
- 14What is net diffusion?The movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
- 15Does oxygen diffuse into or out of cells? Why?Diffuses into cells because it is constantly used up inside the cell for respiration.
Concentration of oxygen inside the cell is lower than outside - 16Does Carbon Dioxide diffuse into or out of the cell? Why?It diffuses out because it is constantly being made in the cell.
(higher concentration of CO2 in cell compared to outside) - 17What is osmosis?The diffusion of a solvent through a deferentially permeable membrane
- 18Describe the movement that occurs in osmosisMovement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low concentration
- 19What is osmotic pressure?The pressure created by the flow of water through a semipermeable membrane separating 2 solutions with different concentrations of solute
- 20What happens in Carrier-Mediated transport?Proteins in the cell membrane bind to molecules to be transported and to help their passage across the membrane
- 21What are the 2 types of carrier mediated transport?1. Simple diffusion
2. Facilitated/Active Diffusion - 22Does simple diffusion move with or against the concentration gradientWith the concentration gradient
- 23Does Facilitated/Active diffusion move with or against the concentration gradient?Against the concentration gradient
- 24What is vesicular transport?The movement of substances across the cell membrane in membranous bags called 'vesicles'
- 25What is endocytosis?Taking liquids or solids INTO the cell using vesicular transport
hint: ENDO - 26What is exocytosis?When the contents of a vesicle are passed OUTSIDE the cell
hint: EXO - 27What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagosytosis?Pino: When the vesicle contains liquids
Phago: When the vesicle contains solids
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- Year 11 ATAR Human Biology 2017 Chapter 4 - Cells exchange materials
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- Zita Wormuth
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