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Description
Flashcards by Zita Wormuth, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Zita Wormuth
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is tissue/extracellular fluid? | The immediate surroundings of a cell AKA the fluid that surrounds a cell |
| What is homoeostasis? | Where body systems work together to make sure the cellular environment is kept constant |
| What are phospholipid molecules? | The main structure of the cell membrane. - Made of lipids and a phosphate group - Arranged in 2 layers known as a bilayer |
| Describe the structure of a phospholipid molecule | Each molecule has a hydrophillic (water loving) head and a hydrophobic (water hating) tail. |
| What are channel proteins? | Proteins that have a central pore that allows water, ions and other small molecules to pass through the membrane into the cell |
| List the 4 functions of the cell membrane | 1. Physical Barrier 2. Regulates passage of materials 3. Sensitivity 4. Support |
| List the 4 types of membrane proteins | 1. Receptor Proteins 2. Channel Proteins 3. Carrier Proteins 4. Cell-identity markers |
| What is a passive process? | Transfer across the cell's membrane that doesn't require oxygen |
| What is an active process? | Transfer across the cell's membrane that requires oxygen |
| List the three types of transport across the cell membrane | 1. Diffusion 2. Carrier-mediated transport 3. Vesicular transport |
| What kinds of processes does each type of transport use? | Diffusion = Passive Carrier-Mediated = Passive/Active Vesicular = Active |
| Briefly describe diffusion | The spreading out of particles so they are evenly distributed over the avaliable space |
| What is the concentration gradient? | The difference in concentration that brings about diffusion |
| What is net diffusion? | The movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration |
| Does oxygen diffuse into or out of cells? Why? | Diffuses into cells because it is constantly used up inside the cell for respiration. Concentration of oxygen inside the cell is lower than outside |
| Does Carbon Dioxide diffuse into or out of the cell? Why? | It diffuses out because it is constantly being made in the cell. (higher concentration of CO2 in cell compared to outside) |
| What is osmosis? | The diffusion of a solvent through a deferentially permeable membrane |
| Describe the movement that occurs in osmosis | Movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low concentration |
| What is osmotic pressure? | The pressure created by the flow of water through a semipermeable membrane separating 2 solutions with different concentrations of solute |
| What happens in Carrier-Mediated transport? | Proteins in the cell membrane bind to molecules to be transported and to help their passage across the membrane |
| What are the 2 types of carrier mediated transport? | 1. Simple diffusion 2. Facilitated/Active Diffusion |
| Does simple diffusion move with or against the concentration gradient | With the concentration gradient |
| Does Facilitated/Active diffusion move with or against the concentration gradient? | Against the concentration gradient |
| What is vesicular transport? | The movement of substances across the cell membrane in membranous bags called 'vesicles' |
| What is endocytosis? | Taking liquids or solids INTO the cell using vesicular transport hint: ENDO |
| What is exocytosis? | When the contents of a vesicle are passed OUTSIDE the cell hint: EXO |
| What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagosytosis? | Pino: When the vesicle contains liquids Phago: When the vesicle contains solids |
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