Flashcards
B1
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1B1 CLASSIFICATIONKeep Ponds Clean Or Frogs Get Sick
Animalia: Multicellular, no cell wall, no clorophyll, eat heterotrophically (eat other orgamisms).
Plantae: Multicellular, cell wall,chlorophyll, feed autotrophically (make own food).
Fungi: Multicellular, no cell wall no chlorophyll, feed saprophytically (digest food outside body).
Protoctista: Unicellular (mostly), nucleus.
Prokaryotae: Unicellular, no nucleus. - 2B1 Vertebrates and InvertebratesVertebrates: With backbone.
- 3B1 SPECIESSpecies: a group of organisms that can produce a fertile offspring.
Hybrid:Made from interbreeding, sterile (unless closely related). - 4B1 BINOMIAL CLASSIFICATIONBinomial name: Genus and species (in Latin).
Ring species: Neighboring species can mate but not others. - 5B1 REASONS FOR VARIETYDifferent species are adapted to different environments.
Discontinuous variation: Characteristics controlled by genes.
Acquired characteristic: Changed by environment.
Continuous variation: Where a characteristic varies gradually (eg Height).
Normal distribution curve: bell shape, most common in the middle. - 6B1 RESPONDING TO STIMULISynapses: Point where two neurones meet, there is a small gap, impulse carried by neurotransmitters.
Reflex arc: simplest neurone pathway from receptor cell to effector cell. - 7B1 HORMONESHormones: Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, released into blood, travel round body looking for organ, triggers organ to release chemical, different hormone-different organ.
- 8B1 BLOOD GLUCOSE REGULATION
- 9B1 DIABETESType 1: Don't produce insulin, insulin must be injected
Type 2: Too fat, liver resistant to own insulin, must regulate sugar levels with exercise and by eating foods with less sugar or overdose on insulin - 10B1 PLANT HORMONESTropism: Response to stimulus, phototropism-towards light, gravitropism-towards gravity.
Auxins: make cells grow longer, they move to shaded part of shoot, point shoot towards the sun.
Gibberellins: make plant shoots grow longer, control when seeds germinate. - 11B1 USES OF PLANT HORMONESUsed to control the way a plant grows.
Rooting powder: Dip cuttings into it (it contains auxins), make roots grow quickly.
Seedless fruit: Hormones sparyed on, stop seeds developing, make fruit grow larger. - 12B1 EFFECTS OF DRUGSA chemical that affects the central nervous system.
Smoking: Carbon Monoxide reduces amount of oxygen blood can carry,tar and carcinogens cause cancer, nicotine is addictive.
Painkiller: Block nerve impulses from pain.
Stimulant:
Depressant:
Hallucinogen: - 13B1 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLShort term: Blurred vision, slow reactions, lowered inhibitions (take more risks).
Long term: Brain damage, liver cirrhosis. - 14B1 ETHICS AND TRANSPLANTSTransplants: Some diseases can be cured by replacing an unhealthy organ with a healthy one.
Ethics 1-who should get the heart: Over weight person is less likely to survive but everyone should be treated equal.
Ethics 2- say yes or no: People should say if they don't want their organs used (increase in available organs), people should say if they do because relatives may object. - 15B1 PATHOGENS AND INFECTIONInfectious: Passed from person to person
Pathogen: Organism carrying infectious disease.
Pathogens are spread through: Food, water, insects, air, exchange of body fluids, contact, animal vector (mosquito) - 16B1 ANTISEPTICS AND ANTIBIOTICS 1Antibacterials: kills or stops bacteria growing
Antibiotic: Does same as antibacterial but after you are infected
Antifungal: Kills or stops fungi growing
Antiseptics: Kills pathogens on a surface - 17B1 ANTISEPTICS AND ANTIBIOTICS 2Effect: Can be studied on Petri dish
Resistance: All is killed except for most resistant, these multiply causing a antibiotic-resistant infection.
Reduction of resistance: only use antibiotics when essential, complete antibiotic course. - 18B1 INTERDEPENDENCE AND FOOD WEBSLife or death of an organism effects all organisms in the food web.
- 19B1 PYRAMID OF BIOMASS
- 20B1 PARASITES AND MUTUALISTSParasite: Feeds off another organism (harming but not killing)
Mutualist: Two organisms that live closely together (work together to survive) - 21B1 POLLUTIONPopulation change: Population is increasing, as it does, so will pollution.
Pollutant: Something that can damage the environment and organisms in it.
Pollutants include: Sulfur dioxide, phosphates, nitrates
Eutropication: where fertilisers get into a steam causing, eventually, fish to die. - 22B1 POLLUTION INDICATORSIndicator species: shows whether something is present
Air pollution: Lichen shows low air pollution, Blackspot shows high
Water pollution: Blood worms and sludge worms indicate pollution, stonefly larvae and fresh water shrimps show low pollution. - 23B1 THE CARBON CYCLE
- 24B1 THE NITROGEN CYCLE
