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Description
Flashcards by mikerobinson200, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by mikerobinson200
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| B1 CLASSIFICATION | Keep Ponds Clean Or Frogs Get Sick Animalia: Multicellular, no cell wall, no clorophyll, eat heterotrophically (eat other orgamisms). Plantae: Multicellular, cell wall,chlorophyll, feed autotrophically (make own food). Fungi: Multicellular, no cell wall no chlorophyll, feed saprophytically (digest food outside body). Protoctista: Unicellular (mostly), nucleus. Prokaryotae: Unicellular, no nucleus. |
| B1 Vertebrates and Invertebrates | Vertebrates: With backbone. |
| B1 SPECIES | Species: a group of organisms that can produce a fertile offspring. Hybrid:Made from interbreeding, sterile (unless closely related). |
| B1 BINOMIAL CLASSIFICATION | Binomial name: Genus and species (in Latin). Ring species: Neighboring species can mate but not others. |
| B1 REASONS FOR VARIETY | Different species are adapted to different environments. Discontinuous variation: Characteristics controlled by genes. Acquired characteristic: Changed by environment. Continuous variation: Where a characteristic varies gradually (eg Height). Normal distribution curve: bell shape, most common in the middle. |
| B1 RESPONDING TO STIMULI | Synapses: Point where two neurones meet, there is a small gap, impulse carried by neurotransmitters. Reflex arc: simplest neurone pathway from receptor cell to effector cell. |
| B1 HORMONES | Hormones: Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, released into blood, travel round body looking for organ, triggers organ to release chemical, different hormone-different organ. |
| B1 BLOOD GLUCOSE REGULATION | |
| B1 DIABETES | Type 1: Don't produce insulin, insulin must be injected Type 2: Too fat, liver resistant to own insulin, must regulate sugar levels with exercise and by eating foods with less sugar or overdose on insulin |
| B1 PLANT HORMONES | Tropism: Response to stimulus, phototropism-towards light, gravitropism-towards gravity. Auxins: make cells grow longer, they move to shaded part of shoot, point shoot towards the sun. Gibberellins: make plant shoots grow longer, control when seeds germinate. |
| B1 USES OF PLANT HORMONES | Used to control the way a plant grows. Rooting powder: Dip cuttings into it (it contains auxins), make roots grow quickly. Seedless fruit: Hormones sparyed on, stop seeds developing, make fruit grow larger. |
| B1 EFFECTS OF DRUGS | A chemical that affects the central nervous system. Smoking: Carbon Monoxide reduces amount of oxygen blood can carry,tar and carcinogens cause cancer, nicotine is addictive. Painkiller: Block nerve impulses from pain. Stimulant: Depressant: Hallucinogen: |
| B1 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL | Short term: Blurred vision, slow reactions, lowered inhibitions (take more risks). Long term: Brain damage, liver cirrhosis. |
| B1 ETHICS AND TRANSPLANTS | Transplants: Some diseases can be cured by replacing an unhealthy organ with a healthy one. Ethics 1-who should get the heart: Over weight person is less likely to survive but everyone should be treated equal. Ethics 2- say yes or no: People should say if they don't want their organs used (increase in available organs), people should say if they do because relatives may object. |
| B1 PATHOGENS AND INFECTION | Infectious: Passed from person to person Pathogen: Organism carrying infectious disease. Pathogens are spread through: Food, water, insects, air, exchange of body fluids, contact, animal vector (mosquito) |
| B1 ANTISEPTICS AND ANTIBIOTICS 1 | Antibacterials: kills or stops bacteria growing Antibiotic: Does same as antibacterial but after you are infected Antifungal: Kills or stops fungi growing Antiseptics: Kills pathogens on a surface |
| B1 ANTISEPTICS AND ANTIBIOTICS 2 | Effect: Can be studied on Petri dish Resistance: All is killed except for most resistant, these multiply causing a antibiotic-resistant infection. Reduction of resistance: only use antibiotics when essential, complete antibiotic course. |
| B1 INTERDEPENDENCE AND FOOD WEBS | Life or death of an organism effects all organisms in the food web. |
| B1 PYRAMID OF BIOMASS | |
| B1 PARASITES AND MUTUALISTS | Parasite: Feeds off another organism (harming but not killing) Mutualist: Two organisms that live closely together (work together to survive) |
| B1 POLLUTION | Population change: Population is increasing, as it does, so will pollution. Pollutant: Something that can damage the environment and organisms in it. Pollutants include: Sulfur dioxide, phosphates, nitrates Eutropication: where fertilisers get into a steam causing, eventually, fish to die. |
| B1 POLLUTION INDICATORS | Indicator species: shows whether something is present Air pollution: Lichen shows low air pollution, Blackspot shows high Water pollution: Blood worms and sludge worms indicate pollution, stonefly larvae and fresh water shrimps show low pollution. |
| B1 THE CARBON CYCLE | |
| B1 THE NITROGEN CYCLE |
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