5182517
Description
Flashcards by Bee Brittain, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bee Brittain
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Transcription is | the process of making pre-mRNA using part of the DNA as a template |
| Prokaryotic transcription = | mRNA being formed from DNA |
| Eukaryotic transcription = | pre-mRNA being formed from DNA |
| During translation, Adenine binds with | Uracil |
| During translation, Cytosine binds with | Guanine |
| In eukaryotic DNA the enzyme DNA helicase 'unravels' the double DNA strand, exposing the nucleotides. What happens next? | The nucleotide bases on the template strand pair with the complementary RNA nucleotides. The enzyme RNA polymerase then moves along the strand and joins the nucleotides together to form a pre-mRNA molecule |
| Non coding regions | Introns Stop-start codes Multiple Repeats |
| Introns intervene what? | Introns intervene the synthesis of a polypeptide |
| What is the process called where introns are removed and the exons are joined together? | Splicing |
| When splicing happens pre-mRNA becomes... | mRNA |
| After splicing what does the mRNA molecule do? | Leaves the nucleus via the nuclear pores where they are attracted to the ribosomes, ready for translation. |
| What determines the sequence of codons in mRNA? | The sequence of DNA triplets |
| What determines the order in which tRNA molecules line up? | The sequence of mRNA codons |
| What is translation? | Translation is the production of polypeptides from the sequence of codons carried by mRNA |
| Translation - (r + aa) | Firstly, a ribosome becomes attached to the starting codon at one end of the mRNA molecule. A tRNA molecule with the complementary anti-codon sequence then moves to the ribosome, and pairs up with the mRNA codon. This tRNA carries a specific amino acid. |
| Translation - (ac + mr) | A tRNA molecule with the complementary anti-codon for the neighbouring mRNA codon pair up. This tRNA can carry the same/different amino acid. The ribosome moves from the first tRNA molecule to the second and joins the two molecules together. |
| Translation - (aa + tr) | The two amino acids (one on each tRNA) join through a peptide bond using an enzyme and ATP. As a third tRNA molecule begins the process of attaching to its correct codon and linking the amino acids, the first tRNA molecule is released from its amino acid and is free to collect another one. |
| Rate of translation | 15 Amino acids per second |
| When does transcription stop? | When the ribosome reaches a stop codon |
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