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Description
Flashcards by poppyseedemma, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by poppyseedemma
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Agricultural Density | the ratio of the # of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture |
| Arithmetic density | the total number of people divided by the total land area |
| Base Line | an East-west line designated under the Land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States |
| Cartography | the science of making maps |
| Concentration | the spread of something over a given area |
| Connections | Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space |
| Contagious Difusion | The rapid, widespread difusión of a feature or trend throughout a population |
| Cultural ecology | Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships |
| Cultural Landscape | Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group |
| Culture | The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition |
| Density | the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of land |
| Diffusion | The process of spread of a feature or from one pace to another over time |
| Distance Decay | The diminishing importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin |
| Distribution | the arrangement of something across Earth's surface |
| Environmental Determinism | a 19th century/ early 20th century (1800s& early 1900s) approach to the study of geography. It argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment CAUSED human activities |
| Expansion diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing effect |
| Formal Region (or Uniform or Homogenous region) | inactive characteristics An area in which everyone shares in 1 or more dis |
| Functional (or nodal) Region | an area organized around a node or focal point Example: Radio station in Iowa crossed into Nebraska |
| GIS (Geographic Information System) | a computer system that stores organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data |
| Global Positioning System GIS | a system that determines the precise location of something on earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations and receivers. |
| Globalization | Actions or proceses that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope |
| Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) | the time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian |
| Hearth | the region from which innovative ideas originate |
| hierarchical diffusion | Hearth.. node .. node ... surrounding area 'The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places |
| International Date Line | An arc that (for the most part) follows 180degree latitude (though it deviates in certain areas to avoid dividing land areas) cross headed east (toward Americas) clock moves BACK 24hr/1 day cross headed West (toward Asia) clock moved FORWARD 24hr/ 1 day |
| Land ordinance of 1785 | a law that divided much of the U.S into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers |
| Latitude | "Fatitude" - Megan numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on the globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator |
| longitude | the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on the globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (PM= 0 degrees ) |
| Map | a 2D/ flat representation of earth's surface or a portion of it |
| Mental Map | an internal Representation of a portion of the earth's surface based on what an individual knows about the place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located |
| Meridian | an arc drawn on the map between the North and south poles |
| Parellel | a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians |
| Pattern | the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area |
| Physiological Density | the number of people per unit of are of arable land (land suitable for agriculture) |
| Place | a specific point on earth distinguished by a particular character |
| Polder | Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area |
| Possibilism | the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternative |
| Prime Meridian | The meridian designated as the 0 degree longitude, which passes through the royal observatory |
| Principle Meridian | a north-south in designated in the land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States |
| Projection | The system used to transfer locations from earth's surface to a flat map (has different problems on each bc earth is not flat) |
| Region | an area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features |
| Regional (or cultural landscape) Studies | an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships between among social and physical phenomenon in a particular study area |
| Relocation Diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another |
| Remote sensing | The acquisition of data about earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or the long distance methods |
| Resource | a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access and is socially acceptable to use |
| Scale | Genrally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface |
| Section | A square, normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the U.S into 36 sections |
| Site | The physical character roof a place |
| Situation | the location of a pace relative to other places ex. situation of Singapore -strait of Malacca .. trade - near big mf countries/ cities -re-exportation |
| Space | The physical gap or interval between two objects |
| Space-Time Compression | The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation services |
| Stimulus Diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle, even though specific characteristic is rejected (ex. apple computer... to desktop... to laptop.. to macbook air) |
| Toponym | The name given to a portion of Earth's surface |
| Township | A square (normally 6 miles on a side). The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the U.S into series of townships |
| Transnational Corporation | a company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries , not just where headquarters or shareholders are located |
| Uneven Development | the increasing gap In economic ($) conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy. |
| Vernacular (or perceptual) Region | an area that people believe exist as part of their cultural identity |
| Demography/ Demographics | the study of population characteristics |
| Overpopulation | a situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living |
| Ecume | the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement |
| Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
| Crude Death Rate (CDR) | the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society |
| Natural Increase Rate (NIR) | The percentage of growth of s population in a year, computed as the CBR-CDR |
| Total Fertility Rate | The average number of children a women will bear during her childbearing years |
| Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age for ever 1,000 live births in a society |
| Life Expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expected to live given current social, economic and medical conditions . Life Expectancy at birth is the average number of years a new born infant can expect to live |
| Carrying Capacity | the largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can support |
| Doubling time/ law of 70 | the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of Natural Increase |
| Thomas Malthus theory | Def: British Demographer that suggested that a massive plague or epidemic would "Check the population" thought that while population increased geometrically, food production would only increase arithmetically ("The Cycle of Misery") [for more info check crash course notes] |
| Ester Boserup Theory | The larger the world population grows , the more innovations are made to make feeding the expanding polite possible |
| Pro-Natalist | An attitude or policy that encourages child-bearing |
| Anti-Natalist | Concerned with limiting population growth |
| Epidemiologic Transition | (why people die at at the DTM stages) distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. |
| Demographic Transition | The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high CBR and CDR and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low birth and death rates, low rates of natural increases, and higher total population |
| Zero population growth | a decline of the TFR to a point where NIR equals zero (NIR about 2.1) |
| Population Pyramids | a bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex |
| Dependency Ratio | The number of people under age 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force |
| Census | a complete enumeration of a population |
| Pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide geographic are and affects a very high portion of the population |
| Agricultural Revolution | the development of farming - from hunting/gathering to domestication of plants/animals |
| Epidemiology | the branch of medical science that is concerned with identifying , fighting, and preventing disease |
| Industrial Revolution | a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods |
| Medical Revolution | Medical technology invented in Europe and North america that is diffused to the poorer countries (LDCs) improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled people to live longer and healthier lives |
| Sex Ratio | The number of males per 100 females in a population |
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