Flashcards
Anesthesia in horses
Cards in this deck (55)
- 1What is the mortality rate of equine aneasthesia?1%
- 2What are the two bis causes of equine mortality due to anaesthesa?cardiac arrest
post anesthetic myopathy - 3What is the major problem with horses and anesthesia?effect of recumbancy on pulmonary function
-hypoventilation and ventilation perfusion mismatch - 4What is triple drip made up of and what is it used for?ketamine + xylazine + guaiensin
maintenance - 5What can you use for sedation in a horse?Ace
xylazine
romifidine
detomidine - 6What is the onset of xylazine?1-2 mins
- 7Which sedative can be given orally?detomidine
- 8Which sedative is associated with a high risk of death?romifidine
- 9Which sedative would you use on a needle shy horse?detomidine
- 10Which sedation would you use for a calm horse?Ace
- 11Which sedation would you use on a less calm horse?xylazine
- 12What may happen if you accidently get the needle in the carotid artery?excitment
seizure
death - 13What may happen if you get the needle extravascular?irritation
sloughing
laryngeal hemiplagia - 14What sizze catheter should you use?14 g
- 15Because you are using such a large catheter, what do you need to do first?desensitize the skin with lignocaine prior to catheterization
- 16How much and how do you give the lignocaine?1mL
intradermal- must see skin pucker - 17What is the potential risk of placing the catheter downhill?air can get sucked in and cause death. Should see blood dripping out of catheter
- 18What is the dose rate of pre induction sedation with xylazine?1.1mg/kg if catheter placement occurred more then 20 minutes ago. otherwise if less then 20 mins ago subtract 0.2-0.4mg/kg from dose
- 19What are some signs indicative of a sedated horse?calming
head drooping
lip droop
eye closure
wide based stance
ataxia - 20Why are horses sedated with alpha 2 agonists still dangerous?they can kick. xylazine makes their rare very sensitive
- 21What effect does guaifensein have?muscle relaxant
no analgesia or sedation - 22When man GG be preferred over xylazine for sedation?colic horses
- 23What 3 induction agents may be used in horses?ketamine/diazepam
thiopentone
alfaxalone - 24What is the most commonly used induction agent?ketamine/diazepam
- 25What is really nice about induction with diazepam and ketamine?nice smooth induction, horses go down slowly
- 26What kind of induction do you see with thiopentone?crash induction
- 27How do you need to adminisster alfaxalone? why is it not often used?bolus-otherwise get excitment phase
expensive - 28Talk about how you prepare/position the horse once under maintenance?place gag between teeth
pull tongue out of side of mouth
intubate
remove head collar
head support by elevating with wedge at poll
position limbs parallel to each other
pull dependent forelimb forward
protect eyes- lub + cover - 29Why do you remove the head collar?to prevent neuropathy due to the weight
- 30Why do you take the wieght off the upper parallel limbs?to prevent the weight causing myopathy
- 31What are some signs that indicate a light plane of anaesthesia?nystagmus
roll ears back
lacrimation
limb movement
increased force of respiration
strong palpebral reflex - 32How can you maintain anaesthesia?inhalationa gent
CRI triple drip
Top ups of induction agents IV - 33Why are inhalationa gents bad?can't maintain Bp
- 34Where can you take an arterial blood gas sample from?transverse facial
facial
dorsal metatarsal - 35Why are arterial oxygen levels lower then we would expect in a horse?hypoventilation
ventilation perfusion mismatch - 36What are 4 maintenence complications?neuropathy
myopathy
ventilation perfusion mismatch
ocular abrasion/damage - 37When do neuropathies occur?When you have weight on a nerve
- 38Where is it safest to stand in an anesthetized horse?behind the head and back- in front of the head and front legs dangerous because try to stand up with their head and shoulders
- 39Identify an appropriate dose rate and route of administration of xylazine for a horse requiring IV catheter placement.0.2-0.4 mg/kg IV
- 40Acepromazine can be used for sedation of horses, name two contraindications for the use of acepromazineshock
slow onset of action - 41Describe how you would administer a sedative dose of xylazine to a horse?IV off the needle
- 42Name two potential complications associated with the incorrect administration of xylazine.extravascular irritant
Intra-arterial into the carotid can cause seizure and death - 43Describe three agents you can use to sedate or premedicate a horse, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each?• Acepromazine- predictable sedation, slow onset of action. Can get shock
• Xylazine- predictable sedation, quick onset. Produces profound analgesia so good in a horse with colic
• Demitomidine - very potent has a longer onset and longer duration action then xylazine. Can be given orally so good for needle shy horses - 44You successfully sedate two horses (on different occasions) with xylazine for catheter placement. In one of the horses it takes 2 min to place the catheter while in the other it takes 20 min. What dose of xylazine will you now administer to each horse prior to induction?2 mins- would give 1.1-0.3 =0.8mg/kg
>20mins -would give 1.1kg/mg - 45Identify at least four signs indicative of a horse at a very light plane of anaesthesia.Nystagmus
roll ears back
lacrimation
limb movement
strong palbebral reflex
strong expiratory force - 46Identify three possible complications directly due to recumbency in the anaesthetised horse.neuropathy
myopathy
ventilation perfusion mismatch - 47Describe the correct positioning of horses limbs when in lateral recumbency.• upper limbs close to parallel to lower limbs and elevated using hay bale or something to take weight off the limb beneath
• Don't want to overextend limbs - 48Describe three different methods for maintaining anaesthesia in a horse in a field situation.• Continuous rate infusion of triple drip GG/xylazine/ketamine
• Inhalation agents- requires anaesthetic machine
• Top ups of induction agents IV-with 1/4 induction dose (extends anaesthesia by 5-20 minutes)
§ Ketamine/diazepam
§ Ketamine/xylazine - 49Insufflation of oxygen into the endotracheal or nasotracheal tube is a method of providing supplemental oxygen to anaesthetised horses. What flow rate of oxygen do you require for a 500kg horse?10-15mL/min
- 50Describe 3 methods/equipment used to provide oxygen supplementation to an anaethetised horseanaesthetic machine
demand valve
endotracheal or nasal tube - 51Describe three sites for palpating a peripheral artery and taking an arterial blood sample on a horsefacial artery
transverse facial artery
dorsal metatasal artery - 52Describe two possible problems/complications of extravascular administration of thiopentone to a horse.marked irritation
sloughing? - 53Describe how you would administer an induction dose of ketamine/diazepam to a horse• Ketamine/diazepam given IV. Takes 1-2 mins to have effect. Nice slow induction horses go down slowly
○ Dose rate: 2.6mg/kg ketamine and 0.06 mg/kg diazepam- admin as bolus - 54What is the correct route of administration of local anaesthetic for catheter placement in a horse and how do you know you have achieved this route?1mL lignocaine intradermal- must see skin pucker
- 55What should be the flow rate if using a demand valve?160-200L/min
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- Allgemeine Hochschulreife smallies and equine Flashcards on Anesthesia in horses, created by Hayley Pfeffer on 24/04/2016.
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- Hayley Pfeffer
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