5239311
Description
Flashcards by Georgina Burchell, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Georgina Burchell
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Why can't mental processes be measured directly? | Mental processes occur rapidly and below the level of mental processing |
| How is cognitive psychology investigated? | Through observables eg. behaviour |
| What does Dualism say? | The mind and body are separate. Body (physical), mind (non-physical). But interact and drive behavior. Descartes (1596 - 1650) |
| What does Nativism say? | The mind/soul has an innate understanding of some concepts. |
| What does Empiricism suggest? | John Locke (1632- 1704) Tabula rasa Everything learnt from experience |
| When/ where/ who was the first psychology lab established by? | 1879 Wilhelm Wundt University of Leipzig |
| Wilhelm Wundt developed what psychological view? | Structuralist |
| What is the structuralist view and what methods does it use? | It emphasized conscious mental events developed analytic introspection technique |
| What theory did Helmholtz come up with and what experiment did he use? | Developed theory of unconscious interference Visual processing experiment Show things to people and ask what they see... |
| What new wave of psychology focused on observables and stimulus-response | Behaviourism |
| How did skinner propose children learn language? | imitation and reinforcement, correct words are rewarded |
| Who mainly first challenged behaviourism and language? | chomsky- poverty of stimulus argument |
| Who helped chomsky in disproving behaviourism? | Breland and Breland (1938)- Emphasised the role of biologically programmed behaviour |
| These studies led to the cognitive revolution, what are the main goals of the cognitive approach? | Views humans as active, and constructive processors of information, rather than passive responders to stimuli |
| What is the dominant view in cognitive psychology? | Information-processing view |
| Who created a model of attention? | Broadbents filter model of attention (messages, filter, detector, to memory) |
| What study did cherry come up with? Main findings? | Dichotic listening task and that our attention ignores content but notices physical characteristics |
| Who is known as the father of cognitive psychology? | Neisser |
| Name an alternate method in cognitive psychology | Mental chronometry, this is the use of response times to infer cognitive operations |
| What does computational cognitive psychology enable us to do? | Recreate human cognition in a computer programme This allows us to test the validity of a specific theory and predict behavior in certain situations |
| What is cognitive neuroscience | Integrating behavioural and physiological approaches Focuses also on understanding the brain itself |
| Explain what fMRI is, what it measured, and its resolution | Magnetic resosnance imaging to meaure the blood oxygen level-dependant signal, oxyhaemoglobin converts to deyoxyhaemoglobin when it is used and this disrupts magnetic fields Good spatial resolution |
| Expplain Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), what it is and its resolution | coil that pulese to created a magnetic field, causes a temporary lesion, looks at behaviour, asses the role of brain area in task performance |
| Electrophysiology and fMRI use what kind of logic? | Subtractive logic- complex task compared to control task |
| Name some general issues of these methods? | Ecological validity, no measure is perfect so you need to combine methods, |
| What did Wheeler, 1970 show? | Word superiority effect, Information about the word presented can facilitate identification of the letters of that word |
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