Flashcards
Language Acquisition key knowledge
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1Pre-verbal StageThe period between birth and the first word being spoken - crying is the first main vocal expression a baby makes (indicate hunger etc - it's an instinctive response rather than a conscious one)
- 2Cooing Stage - Vocal Play (vowels) - Don't carry any meaning yet.Starts at 6-8 weeks old - babies start making a small range of sounds. Starts with vowels like /U/ and /A/ - They then begin to link these to form extended vowel combinations like Ooo and aaah.
- 3Cooing stage - Vocal Play (Consonants) - Don't carry any meaning yet.They then start to use Velar Consonants (ones made using the back part of the tongue) like /K/ and /G/ to form sounds like Coo and Ga.
- 4Babbling Stage - consonants at this stage: h,w,j,p,b,m,t,d,n,k,g(6 months old) Start producing repeated consonant/vowel combo's "Ma-ma-ma" This known as Reduplicated babbling.
- 5Babbling stage - Deaf babies will babble with their hands (if they've had exposure to sign language) Suggests babbling is?Sometimes sounds aren't repeated e.g. "goo-gi-goo-ga" - Variegated babbling. When they vary the vowels/consonants they produce.
Suggests it is an innate activity and is preprogrammed in the lang dev process. - 6The two parts to Babbling - ... expansion ... ?Phonemic expansion: The number of diff. phonemes the child produces increases at the beginning of the babbling stage.
- 7The two parts to babbling - ... contraction ... ?Phonemic contraction: They reduce the number of phonemes they use - (because this is when it starts to repeat the phonemes it hears the most - meaning it stops using phonemes it doesn't hear)
- 8Intonation patterns at the babbling stage(6 months old) babies will use rhythms that resemble the speech patterns of adults. There will be recognisable intonation in the sequences of phonemes they put together e.g. a rise of pitch at the end to mirror a question, could potential be accompanied by a gesture like pointing.
- 9Babbling - leads to a child's first words - At around 9 months they start to sound like they're using their own baby language, why?Inevitably certain combo's of consonants/vowels start to carry meaning e.g. Mmm to indicate they want food (Not a word in itself but functions like one - these are called proto-words) - AKA baby jargon - Later on sound+meaning come together (10 months old)
- 10Earliest consonants Nasalslike /M/ and /N/
- 11Next learnt stage Voiceless plosives/P/, /t/ and /K/
- 12Last ones Fricatives/Th/ sounds like in thought and this. (Fricatives) /V/, /tF/ and /dZ/ as in Very, Church and Jack.
- 13Word Initials + Word FinalsChildren will obviously find pronouncing words at beginning of words easier than ones at the end e.g. /t/ in teddy is easier than the /t/ in sit.
- 14Simplification 1) DeletionWhen a child drops a consonant altogether, particularly at the end of a word e.g. Ca rather than Cat.
- 152) SubstitutionRather than dropping a consonant a child will replace it with one that's easier to say e.g. wegs rather than legs or tup rather than cup.
- 163) Cluster reductionWhere there are consonant clusters (2 or more in a word) a child may drop one of the consonants e.g. geen rather than green
- 17AdditionWhen a vowel is added to the end of the word e.g. dog to dogu
- 18AssimilationWhen one consonant in a word is changed because of the influence of another in the same word e.g. tub becomes bub because of word final consonant /B/
- 19ReduplicationWhen a phoneme is repeated e.g. moo moo for cow, or bik bik for biscuit
- 20VoicingWhen voiceless consonants like p,t,f,s (sounds produced without vocal chords) are replaced by their voiceless equivalents b,d,v,z so instead of saying sock a child may say zok.
- 21De-voicingWhen voiced consonants (sounds produced using the vocal chords as well as mouth/tongue/lips) are replaced by their voiceless equivalents e.g. instead of bag a child might say pag.
- 22Interacting with others non-verbal aspects of speech...? What's thatBabies learn about social conventions before they can speak like turn-taking from peak-a-boo. As pragmatic development continues they'll show speech functions and politeness features i.e. opening/closing sequences (hello/bye) + Non-verbal communications (gestures/expressions)
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- Flashcards on Language Acquisition key knowledge, created by Claire Cotter on 25/04/2016.
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- Claire Cotter · Apr 2016
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- Apr 6, 2018
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