Flashcards
Chemistry unit 4-jasper
Cards in this deck (33)
- 1How many bonds can Nitrogen form?3
- 2How many bonds can Oxygen form?2
- 3How many bonds can Hydrogen form?1
- 4Is Carboxylic acid (COOH) acidic or basic?Acidic
- 5Is amine group (NH2) acidic or basic?Basic
- 6sigma bonds formed by...Overlap of two orbitals
- 7pi bonds formed by....combination of 2 p-orbitals
- 8Definition of a Zwitterionbeing partially both acidic and basic causes a dipolar ion- a zwitterion
- 9Isoelectric point (pI)The pH at which the amino acid is neutral between anionic and cationic form
- 10Chirality in all amino acids One exceptionS Chirality
Cysteine is R Chirality - 11What is a salt bridge? And what do they do?Charged amino acids that can stabilize peptide and protein structures
- 12What is the folded state in proteins? What conditions make it remain folded?Conformation to make the protein more stable
pH, salt conc. , temp. - 13Name the two secondary structures of proteins?Alpha helix -
Beta sheets - - 14What is a beta turn Name when beta sheets curl aroundbetween two anti-parallel beta sheets stabilized by H bonds
Beta barrel - 15Definition of propensitytendency for an amino acid to appear in secondary structure
- 16Propensity less than 1 Propensity more than 1Propensity less than 1 doesn't favour secondary
Propensity more than 1 does favour secondary - 17What is the one type of covalent bond in the non-covalent secondary structures?disulphide bond ( two thiol groups of adjacent cysteine )
- 18Ramachandran plotDefined by two angle - phi and psi
Shows the conformational space a protein can inhabit
conformations that correspond to low energy permit the most H-bonds to form - 19Zinc finger motif purposeHolds proteins in characteristic shape and affects expression of DNA encoded in genes, fits in major groove of DNA
zinc atom at centre held in place by dative covalent bonds - 20Definition of allosteryProtein binding to one site transmits a conformational change to other binding sites aswell
- 21Definition of hemi-acetal Definition of aldose and ketosecentral c connected to OH and OR
Aldose- C=0 attached to terminal carbon
Ketose- C=0 attached to second carbon - 22Definition of anomersDifferent stereochemistries for hemi-acetal
If C1/C5 is opposite is alpha
If its the same then it is beta - 23What is furanose What is pyranoseFuranose= 5 ring anomer
Pyranose= 6 ring anomer - 24In stereo chemistry are most sugars D or LD
- 25Disaccharide bond Glycosidic bondCondensation between two monosaccharides
Between a sugar and another compound, can also be a sugar - 26What is maltose, sucrose and lactose made up of?Maltose= glucose + glucose
Sucrose= glucose + fructose
Lactose= galactose + glucose - 27Why cant people digest cellulose?It is beta linked and the human body cant breakdown beta sheets
- 28Two forms of starch and which one is similar to glucoseAmylose=linear
Amylopectin= branched every 25 units
Glucose is also branched but only every 10-15 units - 29Steroids4 rings- A.B.C.D
A and B can either be joined cis - same or trans- opposite - 30Difference between nucleotides and nucleosidesNucleosides dont have a phosphate group
- 31How many rings in purines?2, pryramidines have 1
- 32why dont these work? C-T A-C T-G A-GC-T = Both pyramides, too small
A-C + T-G = Cannot form enough H bonds
A-G= both purines, too bulky - 33What is heterochromatin and euchromatinheterochromatin - tightly packed DNA =transcriptionally silent
Euchromatin=not tightly packed
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- Flashcards on Chemistry unit 4-jasper, created by amy.louise.97.ai on 28/04/2016.
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