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edMoe English 101 cards

Cards in this deck (101)

  1. 11a) What is Hosted Visualization?Runs on top of an existing host OS as an application. Fully virtualized, assume they're standalone. Host emulates Hardware for the clients.
  2. 21b) What products use it?VmWare Workstation & Oracle VirtualBox
  3. 31c) What are advantages/DisadvantagesDisadvantage - High I/O overhead
    Advantage - None, really.
  4. 42) What is Full Virtualization?Guest OS unmodified, unaware they are being Virtualized. Hypervisor translates binary code that kernel of guest wants to execute to the privileged and protected CPU operation
  5. 52b) What is Binary Translation?Cache translated instructions to improve performance, but uses more memory
  6. 62c) Direct Execution?User level code directly executed on the processor for high performance, Faster than hosted
  7. 72d) What Products use it?VmWare & MS Hypervisor
  8. 82e) Advantages/DisadvantagesDisadvantages - Full Virt, perf on the x86 architecture is typically 80-97% that of the host machine. Involves binary translation at run-time which is time consuming and can incur a large performance overhead, intensive apps slow things down
  9. 93) What is Paravirtualization?Guest OS is modified, aware of virtual environment and communicates w/ the hypervisor
  10. 103b) What are Hypercalls?If the Guest needs a privileged operation that would only run in Ring 0 it does a call to the hypervisor and it performs the operation on it.
  11. 113c) What is DirectDirect Execution of User requests
  12. 123d) What products use itXenServer
  13. 133e) Adv/DisadvDis - Guest must be modified on installation
    Adv - Faster (Less overhead)
  14. 144) What is Hardware assisted VirtualizationUses virtualization built into CPUs (IntelVT & AMD-V) processors are optimized for virtual environments. Privilege mode above ring 0, hypervisor can operate essentially leaving ring 0 available for unmodified Guest OS'. Privilege & Sensitive calls are set to atuo trap to the hypervisor and handled by hardware
  15. 154b) What products use it?XenServer, VMware ESXi,/Vsphere, Ms Hyper-V
  16. 165) What is Vmware Workstation Used for ?Patch, OS Testing, App Testing, App + OS demos + training, Config Testing, Easy rollback to snapshots and backups
  17. 175b) What are files that make up a virtual machine and what is in the .vmx and .bmdk filesWhat files make up a virtual machine
    .log, .nvram, .vmem, .vmdk, .vmx, .vmsd, .vmsn, .vmss,
    .vmx – Primary config file, early versions used the .cfg extension
    .vmdk – stores the contents of the virtual machine’s hard disk drive, a disk can be split into chunks so you have multiple files for a single disk. Grows as you add to the vm unless you pre allocated the space. Early versions used the .dks extension
  18. 185c) What does the VmWare tools do?- Time Sync b/n host and guest
    - Ctrl Shutdown scripting (tell VmWare to shuwdown OS)
    - Windows/Host guest file transfer
    - Improves performance
    - Mouse Sync
  19. 195d) How are MAC and IP addys assigned to a virtual machineVmware assigns a MAC the first time a guest OS boots. Can be assigned manually in .vmx file but it most unique in the system, and must be in helix
  20. 20What are Clones?Faster than copying, creates the new UUID during the cloning process, changes MAC, don't get as originally started
    Full Clone: Unique and separate copy
    Linked Clone: Clone must have access to parent, Faster than full clones, uses less disk space.
  21. 21What are Snapshots?Preserve the state of a virtual machine so you can return to the same state including: State of - Disk, contents of memory, machine settings
  22. 22What is Suspending?Speed Provisioning tasks, keep standby servers suspended so they don't use any resources but you can bring them on fast. Speed will be determined by the # of changes that occurred since the VM ware originally started
  23. 23What are Folders?Power on, suspend, and resume each virtual machines together in the same Folder
  24. 24VmNetLets you connect to other networking components together
  25. 25BridgeConnects VMs to the LAN
  26. 26Virtual AdaptersOne connects Host to Host only
    One connects to NAT
  27. 27NATTranslated the IP of the guest OS to the Ip of the hosts physical adapter
  28. 28What is vAPPA set of virtual machines optimized and packaged together to provide a specific function
  29. 29What is a Type 1 HypervisorRuns directly on the hardware
  30. 30What is a type 2 HypervisorRuns on hosted systems like vmware workstation
  31. 31Where would you look for the systems logs on ESXiView System Logs on main splash screen
  32. 32How do you connect to an ESXi server to manage virtual machines and resourcesUsing vpshere client (must be installed on a separate machine) Primary interface for creating, managing, and monitoring virtual machines, their resources and their hosts
  33. 33What is an OVFIs an open standard for specified by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) for packaging and distributing a virtual appliance consisting of one or more virtual machines
  34. 34What is an OVAOpen virtual appliance; is an OVF package in a single file archive with the .ova extension
  35. 35How does ESXi manage and use memory?The VmKernel manages all the machines memory
    Vm Actual memory - Config'd amount of VMs mem is a VMkernal construct presented to the VM
    Dynamic Memory - For the VMs code and data (overhead)
  36. 36Memory Over commitmentSystem reserves real physical memory for each VM based on reservation value and the VMs overhead. Esx allows more than the real physical amount of mem to be allocated in total. System can then use virtualization to dynamically allow heavily loaded VMs to use memory not being used by lightly loaded VMs. Paging will occur when all VMs are heavily loaded.
  37. 37Available MemoryWhat was set when the VM was created
  38. 38Limitmeasured in MB
  39. 39ReservationIf memory contention occurs, amount of memory in MB reserved for this VM. If it doesn't use it all, it can be shared out
  40. 40SharesThe more shares it has the more often it will win a competition for memory, If a VM loses it has to wait for RAM
  41. 41BallooningReclaims memory by artificially increasing the memory pressure
  42. 42TPSTransparent page sharing reclaims memory by removing redundant pages with identical content
  43. 43Hypervisor swappingreclaims memory by having ESXi directly swap out of the virtual machines memory
  44. 44Memory Compressionreclaims memory by compressing the pages that need to be swapped out
  45. 45How doe ESXi manage CPU virtualization?emphasizes performance, operation runs directly whenever possible. The virtualization layer runs instructions only as needed to make virtual machines operate as if they were running directly on the virtual machine
  46. 46CPU AffinityAssign a virtual machine to a specific processor, can interfere with ESX hosts ability to meet the reservation and shares specified for a virtual machine
  47. 47How does ESXi ensure reservations (Admission Control)when you power on a VM the system checks the amount of CPU and memory resources that have not yet been reserved. Based on the available unreserved resources, the system determines whether it can guarantee the reservations for which the virtual machine is configured
  48. 48What is a resource poolAllows you to divide up the resources of an ESX scheduler and can unbalance loads on the processor
  49. 49What factors affect ESXi CPu performanceCPU affinity, Idle VMs, CPU contention.
  50. 50What is a VmNic in ESXiPhysical Nic in the server not a virtual nic attached to a virtual machine
  51. 51What is a VmKernel in ESXiVmotion, iSCSI and NFs interface
  52. 52What are Vswitches in ESXiVswitches connects vm's. Connects to the physical switches by using physical Ethernet adapters (vmnics) (uplink adapters) to join virtual networks with physical networks
  53. 53Port Groupa way of configuring different settings, like VLAN and security, on a single vSwitch
  54. 54vNetworkdistributed switch acts as a single vSwitch across multiple hosts on a datacenter allowing vms to maintain consistent network configuration as they migrate across multiple hosts
  55. 55Physical Volumes/PartitionsA disk or an area of a disk that has unique name and is treated as a separate disk
  56. 56Volume GroupA set of one or more physical volume from which space can be allocated
  57. 57Logical VolumesA collection of physical partitions from which space can be allocated
  58. 58LUNLogical Unit number, Networked Storage
  59. 59ESXi datastoreLocal Storage / Networked Storage
  60. 60Thin provisioningAllocate storage as it needs it
  61. 61ThickAllocate storage all at once
  62. 62What kind of storage can ESXi connect to?SMB/CIFS, NFS, iSCSI
  63. 63How does the VMFS file system differ from other file systems?Allows multiple physical hosts to read and write to the same storage simultaneously
  64. 64What are the components of a vsphere datacenter?VMs, ESX hosts, Resource Pools, Clusters, Data Stores, Virtual Switches
  65. 65What is the Vsphere software, where is it installed and what does it do?Monitors and manages the virtual interface, manages multiple ESXi servers
  66. 66What is Vmotion?The live migration of running virtual machines from one physical server to another with zero down times, continuous service availability, and complete transaction integrity
  67. 67Storage vMotionLive migration of a virtual machine disk files across heterogeneous storage arrays with complete transaction integrity and no interruption in service for critical applications
  68. 68High AvailabilityHA for applications running in virtual machines, In the event of a server failure, affected virtual machines are automatically restarted on other production server that has spare capacity
  69. 69DSRDistributed Resource Scheduler - Balances computing capacity dynamically across collections of hardware resources of VMs
  70. 70DPMDistributed Power Mgmt - Optimizes power consumption in the datacenter
  71. 71Vsphere ClusterA collection of ESX/ESXi hosts and associated virtual machines intended to work together as a unit
  72. 72What are the requirements and configuration of vmotion, HA, DRS, DPM and ClusteringSame shared Storage, Same Subnet, Same management IP
  73. 73What is a blade systemReduced Space Requirements
    Reduced Power consumption
    Lower Mgmt Cost
    Simplified Cabling
    Scalability
    Easier Physical Deployment
  74. 74What are the components of a blade systemServer Blades
    Blade Chassis
    Communication Blades
    Power & Cooling Systems
    Storage Sub systems
  75. 75Server BladesHigh density computing engines w/ 1 to 4 processors and memory
  76. 76Blade ChassisEnclosures with integrated power and racks for housing server blades, communication blades and connections to external peripherals and inter-chassis links
  77. 77Communication BladesIntegrated blades w/ Ethernet, InfiniBand and proprietary communications adapters and switches
  78. 78Power & CoolingCentralized Power distribution components that power the blade and components
  79. 79Storage SubsystemsHard disk and tape storage subsystems can be inside the blade chassis or external to the chassis. Blade servers can be disk-less since they can boot from external storage in a SAN
  80. 80What is ILOIntegrated Lights Out, Remote mgmt for HP blades, Standard provides basic board mgmt functions, diagnostics, and power up/down
  81. 81What Does Sysprep do ?Prepares and installs on windows for deduplication, auditing, and customer delivery
  82. 82Why would you use it?Removes System-specific data from windows (SIDs, Hostnames, ETC). Strips out several settings like networking and such from the registry. Flips a switch in the OS that tells the OS that it's not done installing and will need to complete the installion by running minisetup on the next boot. Resets Win product activation
  83. 83Basic differences between Hyper-V and ESXi/VsphereESXi - Handle all HW access for their partitions, hypervisors need drivers common between HOST and GUEST OS. These Requirements limit HW support.
    Hyper-V - Parent partition hosts independent HW vendor drivers, so that no third-party code runs in the hypervisor and only standard windows 64-bit are required for hardware.
  84. 84What are two ways to install Hyper-V and what are their Advantages/DisadvantagesRoles on Windows Server (Overhead of OS, Build in mgmt mmc)
    Proper Bare Metal (Install mgmt s/w else, Reduced Overhead/disk space, reduced attack surface, reduce mgmt)
  85. 85How do you manage a Hyper-V systemVsphere
  86. 86"Files that make up a Hyper-V Virtual Machine" (.XML)These files contain the virtual machine config details
  87. 87" " (.BIN)This file contains the memory of a virtual machine or snapshot that is in a saved state
  88. 88" " (.VSV)This file contains the saved state from the devices associated with the virtual machine
  89. 89" " (.VHD)These are virtual hard disk files for the virtual machine
  90. 90" " (.AVHD)These are the differencing disk files used for virtual machine snapshots
  91. 91What are Data Roots?The Locations where the virtual machine config (/XML) and saved state (.BIN) & (.VSV) files are stored
  92. 92What are the Hyper-V virtual disk options (Compact, Convert, Expand).vsd disk files are also usually stored separately from the config files, .VHD files can be created and .AVHD files are always created in the same location as their parent .VHD files
  93. 93Hyper V networks - ExternalVirtual networks are used where you want to allow communications between
    - VM to VM
    - VM to parent partition
    -VM to externally located servers
  94. 94" " - InternalInternal Virtual networks are used where you want to allow communication between - VM to VM on the same physical server
    -VM to parent partition (& vice -versa)
  95. 95" " - PrivatePrivate virtual networks are used where you want to allow connections between
    - VM to VM
  96. 96" " - DedicatedDedicated a physical NIC for use just by virtual machines. They allow communication between
    - VM to VM
    -VM to external servers
  97. 97How would you cluster Hyper-V systemsUsing the same steps you used in the failover cluster lab in server class you can create a cluster from hyper-v systems. Set up your shared storage, shared networking and add your nodes to the cluster.
  98. 98What is IAASInfrastructure as a Service - Consumer is able to provision processing, storage, networking and run arbitrary Software including OSs (eg. vCenter server w/ ESXi hosts)
  99. 99PAASplatform as a service - The consumer uses a pre-made app-hosting environment bu has control of the app itself (eg. RackSpace)
  100. 100SAASSoftware as a service - Consumer uses a pre-made software app without worrying about the underlying infrastructure or the service software itself (google apps)
  101. 101What is openstack and what does it do?At its most fundamental level, it provides computing, network, and storage facilities. These services are provided by a # of separate projects that have evolved to develop and provide a specific service

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Flashcards on Untitled, created by edMoe on 28/04/2016.
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