5362097
Description
Flashcards by Jenna Lehmann, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jenna Lehmann
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the definition of Substance Use? | Simply use of a substance (drugs, caffeine, alcohol, cigarettes) without any of the baggage of a disorder necessarily. |
| What is Substance Intoxication? | A state in which a person's normal capacity to act or reason is inhibited by alcohol or drugs; the physiological reaction to a substance (drunkenness or being high) |
| What is Substance Abuse? | Any pattern of substance use that results in repeated adverse social consequences related to drug-taking—for example, interpersonal conflicts, failure to meet work, family, or school obligations, or legal problems. |
| What is Substance Dependence? | It's characterized by physiological and behavioral symptoms related to substance use. These symptoms include the need for increasing amounts of the substance to maintain desired effects, withdrawal if drug-taking ceases, and a great deal of time spent in activities related to substance use. |
| What substance type induces relaxation and sedation? Examples? | Depressants; alcohol, barbituates, bendodiazapines |
| What substance type induces activeness, alertness, and elevated mood? Examples? | Stimulants; amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine |
| What substance type induces analgesia (inability to feel pain) and euphoria? Examples? | Opiates; heroin, opium, codeine, morphine |
| What substance type induces alternate sensory perception and thinking? Examples? | Hallucinogens; Cannabis, LSD |
| What are the four general clinical features of substance-related disorders? | -Impaired Control -Social Impairment -Risky Use of Substance - Pharmacological Criteria |
| Give some examples of Impaired Control. | -Taking substances in larger amounts that intended -Desire and unsuccessful attempts to cut down -Great deal of time spent in obtaining or recovering from substance -Bad cravings |
| Give some examples of Social Impairment. | -Failure to fulfill major obligations (work, home, school) -Continued use despite interpersonal difficulties -Giving up or reducing involvement in social, occupational, or recreational activities |
| Give some examples of Risky Use of Substance. | -Recurrent use in situations that are physically hazardous -Continued use despite knowledge of problems caused or exacerbated by the substance |
| Give some examples of Pharmacological Criteria of substance-related disorders. | -Tolerance -Withdrawal |
| What is tolerance? | The need for increasing amounts of a substance to get the same effect as before. Also, markedly diminished effects of same amounts of substance. |
| What is withdrawal? | Negative symptoms that occur when one ceases to take in drugs and the relief of those symptoms by ingestion of more of that substance or a similar substance. |
| What are the main ideas behind the Disease Model of addiction? | - Some people have a psychological predisposition and sensitivity to alcohol -alcoholism is progressive and irreversible (abstinence is a must) -drinking is triggered by personality or social causes, but is sustained by physiological factors |
| Give an example of addiction treatment that follows the tenants of the Disease Model of addiction. | Alcoholics/Narcotics Anonymous; they preach complete abstinence from the substances |
| How does the disease model affect stigma? | There is a decrease in blame of the addicted person, but pity increases. People also think that addiction is then less controllable and has a worse prognosis overall. |
| What is one problem with the disease model? | Studies have shown that expectation of ingesting a substance (being told that they just drank alcohol) was a better predictor of how many drinks they would drink later than whether or not they actually ingested the substance. |
| What are the three Learning theories of substance-related disorders? | -Tension Reduction Theory -Social Learning Theory -Cognitive-Behavioral Theory |
| Briefly explain Tension Reduction Theory. | Belief that people drink to get rod of uncomfortable, tense feelings. The substance works as a negative reinforcer (reinforces by taking away something bad) |
| Briefly explain Social Learning Theory. | We observe the effects of alcohol on others. We drink to be accepted, and a lot of the time (especially in college) we overestimate how much everyone else is drinking, specifically. |
| Briefly explain Cognitive-Behavioral Theory. | This focuses on relapses, high-risk situations, and coping skills. The goal is for one to gain self-control over drinking and to sacrifice short-term for long-term goals. This theory also believes that falling off the wagon for a short time is not starting at square 1; you still have made progress |
| Explain the Alliance triangle of someone who is in need of help due to their addiction and the person helping them. | -Bond- there needs to be mutual liking and trust on both ends -Agree on goals - there needs to be agreement on what the end goal of treatment is (ex. abstinence vs controlled drinking) -Agree on tasks - there needs to be agreement on the way treatment will proceed; understanding |
| What kinds of other disorders are substance-related disorders usually comorbid with? | Mood and anxiety disorders; this might explain tension reduction theory. Substance abuse can also be part of the reason someone becomes anxious or depressed. |
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