Flashcards
Fragile areas
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1why are fragile and wilderness areas vulnerable?contain a lot of exploitable resources-oil and gas, so you need to balance developmental pressures against the need to conserve natural wilderness
- 2name two acts that designate areas of wilderness?1964-wilderness acts USA
National Interests Land Conservation Act - 3define wilderness area and sustainable development?a region of land which is in its natural state and impacts from human activities are minimal
SD: economic development, without depletion of natural resources - 4why is tundra considered fragile?-wide fluctuations occur in each trophic level-lemmings
-low productivity and species diversity- artic mosses
-slow rate of plant growth - 5what oil development has there been in tundra?Trans Alaskan Pipeline- from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez
in the 1002 islands which is within the ANWR - 6Name the impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill?- scientists estimate that 16,000 to 21,000 oil gallons still left
- 30 years to recover
- 250,000 birds + fish killed
-40 million litres spilled into ocean - 7What changes have been made to the pipeline?- shutoff valves along the pipeline
- whole pipe shut down in 4 minutes
-360 miles in non permafrost areas underground to avoid caribou migration
- thick insulation - 8what effects of fishing have been seen?- started in 1964
-exploited for Antarctic Rock Cod- now depleted
-Patagonian tooth fish and krill have decreased - 9Solutions to the fishing problemFishing Quotas- by CCAMLR but exceeded 5x the figures (113,000 tonnes 2001- 87% krill)
- 10Why is krill still at a sustainable level?because of the breakup of the Russian fleet followed by the demise of the Soviet Union
- 11What is bottom trawling?dragging the nets across the bottom of the sea bed- catches other species and reduce light levels
- 12Is fishing sustainable?Yes if guidelines are followed however illegal fishing takes place- populations are decreasing- 2622 tonnes of tooth fish are caught illegally
- 13How has tourism increased and decreased in recent years?02-03 it was 2,400 --> 07-08 46,000 but decreased in 11-12 (26,000)
- 14Negative effects of tourism ?out of 200 sites 5% showed wear and tear
litter
disturbance of the penguins habitats - 15How has tourism tried to be kept sustainable?Polar Code- 20 per guide, I ship at a time
Antarctic Treaty- prohibits discharging of plastics
IAATO-impose restrictions on tourist activity to reduce environmental impacts - 16What are the impacts of whaling and sealing?1840's - seal pop plummeted so whaling became popular
before-275,000 after- 1k-2k in 1964
whaling convention- 5k ended 1985
but too late... extinction.. unsustainable - 17What did the Inuit tribe do and was it sustainable ?- food: polar bears, whales, fur seals, berries and seaweed
- only enough for clothing and canoes
- yes sustainable - 18What did the Vuntut Gwitchin tribe do?relied on the migrating porcupine caribou herds - killed to get food and clothing- but worked with restrictions of hostile environment
- 19How did traditional economies become unsustainable-newcomers have used seal, fur, lamp fuel and leather- reduced numbers for inuit
many don't have skills so have to find employment --> unemployment
50% had govt help--> not nomadic--> use all resources in one place
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- Flashcards on Fragile areas, created by sabaaazher on 15/05/2016.
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- sabaaazher
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