5494561
Description
Flashcards by Yu-Qing Tham , updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Yu-Qing Tham
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| By AD100 the Roman Empire stretched from Scotland to the Middle East ( almost 3000 miles ) Population: about 50 million people | The people were from different races, who spoke different languages & worshipped their own gods. |
| How did the Romans control the Empire? | Did they do it by force & repression, or by treating people well? |
| Organising the Empire | The Romans divided their Empire into provinces. Most provinces were controlled by a governor, who made regular inspections & held courts of law. He had a staff of 30 to 40 officials to help him. ( Ex: lawyers, clerks & tax collectors ) Good communication were essential. They were provided by sea routes & roads. In Britain alone, 6500 miles of road were built in 100 years. Efficient road system meant that the army could travel quickly to a troubled spot or to put down a rebellion. Julius Caesar once travelled 800 miles in just 8 days. |
| The legions #about 30 in the Empire #each legion was made up of 60 centries, each with 80 men called legionnaires #centurions were in charge of centries #each legion had 120 cavalry #150000 legionnaires in total #had to serve for 16 years #had to be Roman citizen #mostly were volunteers #recruits came from the provinces where the legions were serving #many were sons of ex-soldiers | |
| Auxilia #made up of conquered armies & friendly tribes #served for 25 years #were not Roman citizens but received citizenship at the end of their service #many were volunteers #armour & weapons similar to the legionnaires', but of inferior quality #about 227000 Auxilia in the Empire, including some cavalry | |
| Roman tactics | The Romans' tactics were not very complicated. It depended on their better training & discipline. The foot - soldiers, with their shields, formed a solid barrier in the centre. Archers standing behind fired arrows over their heads. The cavalry fought on flanks & were specially used for cutting down the enemy once they were retreating. |
| In AD61 Britain had been a Roman province for less than 20 years. The Romans hadn't conquered even half of Britain. What's more, the estimate that Britain could be controlled by just 1 legion proved to be bad miscalculation. 4 legions had been stationed & had been kept fairly busy. Suetonius, the governor of Britain, decided to conquer the Isles of Anglesey just off Wales. Many rebellious Britons, led by the Druid priests, were hiding there. Suetonius took 2 legions with him, this left the south of England almost bare of Roman troops. | While he was away, the Britons' anger against the Romans bubbled up into a full - scale rebellion. |
| Source 3- The Roman historian Tacitus describes why the Iceni tribe rebelled | The King of the Iceni tribe had left his huge treasure in equal shares to his 2 daughters & the Emperor. But Roman tax collectors looted his lands, whipped his wife Boudicca & assaulted her 2 daughters. Leading members of the Iceni tribe lost their homes & lands. The relatives of the King were made slaves. |
| Source 4- Tacitus describes why the Iceni's neighbours, the Trinovates, joined the rebellion | ♤what chiefly made the Trinovates angry was how Roman veterans had behaved when they founded the colony at Colchester. They treated them cruelly. They drove them from yheir homes & called them slaves ♤the temple built in honour of Emperor Claudius. To the British it was a symbol of everlasting slavery. The Roman priests made the Britons pay heavy taxes to use it. |
| The Britons defeated the Romans' 9th legion. They attacked Colchester & completely destroyed it. The rebels did the same in London & St Albans. | When Suetonius got word of this, he sent orders for the 2nd legion to come from Gloucester to support him. He quickly set ofd back from Wales. But the 2nd legion failed to respond. Suetonius found himself face to face with a much larger force of Britons. |
| Source 6- In his account of the rebellion, the Roman historian Tacitus wrote down the sort of things that he thought Boudicca would have said. | 'The Romans will never face the din & roar of all our thousands. There are more of us & we are braver. If we choose to retreat, we hide in swamps & mountains. They cannot chase anybody or run away, because of their heavy armour. They need bread & wine & oil, if they cannot get these, they cannot survive. |
| Source 9- From Tacitus' account of the rebellion | |
| After the rebellion was put down, a new governor, Agricola, was sent to Britain. Agricola had been a young soldier in Suetonius' army at the time of the rebellion. | Source 10- a description of Agricola, governor of Britain after Boudicca's rebellion, by Tacitus. ♧he had learned from what had happened that an army can do little if the government is unfair ♧he chose men that he knew wouldn't be greedy. ♧he made the corn tax less heavy ♧he help to build temples, public squares & good houses. ♧he gave the sons of chiefs a Roman education. ♧as a result the Britons were eager to speak Latin & everywhere u could see the toga being worn ♧gradually, the natives were tempted by shops, baths & rich banquets |
| In eastern parts great towns existed before the Romans came. These towns were left to govern themselves & the local way of life was left untouched. But in western parts towns were almost unknown. | As new provinces were conquered, 3 kinds of towns were built: ■ Most important: colonies Ex-soldiers were given free land in colonies when they retired |
| ■ slightly less important: municipia only Roman citizens could live in these towns & they governed themselves their buildings were supposed to be like Rome’s & were meant to show the local tribes the advantages that came with Roman rule | ■ in each tribal area the Romans set up a town called civitas controlled directly by the governor of the province he allowed friendly tribes to govern themselves the towns were named after the local tribe |
| Wroxeter was originally the site of an important fort, from AD48 to 90. The Romans used it as a base for their conquest of North Wales | Once Wales had been conquered, they literally packed up the fort & moved it to Chester. The Wroxeter site was then used as the base for a brand new civitas for the Cornovii tribe. Its Roman name was Vicronium Cornoviorum. |
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