GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Neuro Cards

James Wood English 176 cards

Cards in this deck (176)

  1. 1CNSComplex of nerves that controls the activities of the body. Brain and Spine.
  2. 2PNSNervous System outside the brain and spine
  3. 3SomaticNerves that control voluntary movement
  4. 4AutonomicNerves that control organs
  5. 5Brain StemPart of the lower brain, contains medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain
  6. 6Medulla oblongataConnects to the spinal cord, controls heart and lungs
  7. 7The PonsMessage station and relay, key role in sleep and dreams
  8. 8Recticular FormationNetwork of nerve pathways in the brain
  9. 9DiencephalonPosterior part of the forebrain. Contains the Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Epithalamus
  10. 10ThalamusRelays sensory information
  11. 11HypothalamusContains the pituitary gland, master endocrine gland. Regulates Body
  12. 12EpithalamusContains the Pineal gland, heart rhythms. Connects to the Limbic System
  13. 13CerebellumCrucial for smooth movements, motor learning, posture, balance
  14. 14Limbic SystemEmotional Brain, controls basic emotion, instinct, mood
  15. 15CerebrumAnterior part of the brain. 75%. Controls sensory processing and motor function
  16. 16Cerebral HemisphereEach of the two parts of the cerebrum
  17. 17Grey MatterNerve cells and dendrites (cell bodies).
  18. 18White MatterMyelinated nerve cells
  19. 19ContralateralOpposing Side, 85% of brains motor output goes to the opposite side
  20. 20Speech AphasiaProblems with language, speech, words
  21. 21Cerebral CortexOuter layer of cerebrum, folded grey matter. Important in consciousness
  22. 22Corpus CallosumBroad band of nerve fibres joining the two hemispheres of the brain
  23. 23Anterior CommissuresBundle of nerve fibres (white matter) connecting two temporal lobes
  24. 24BrocaRegion of the dominant hemisphere linked to speech and language
  25. 25WernickesRegion concerned with comprehension and language
  26. 26SulciA depression or groove int he cerebral cortex
  27. 27FissuresDeep grooves
  28. 28GyriRidges on the cerebral cortex
  29. 29Frontal lobeImmediately behind the forehead, concerned with behavior, personality, learning and voluntary movement
  30. 30Parietal LobeTop of head, concerned with reception and correlation of sensory information
  31. 31Occipital LobeRearmost lobe, contains the visual cortex
  32. 32Temporal LobeLateral lobe, contains auditory cortex, sounds, pitches
  33. 33Frontal Lobe Prefrontal areasCognition and higher brain function, eye control
  34. 34Frontal Lobe Premotor cortexIntegrating sensory feedback during movement
  35. 35Frontal Lobe Mirror NeuronsFires when movement is observed
  36. 36Frontal Lobe Supplementary motor areas (SMA)Learning and executing movement sequences
  37. 37Frontal Lobe Primary motor cortex (MI)Contains betz cells, important in movement.
  38. 38Frontal Lobe SomatotypicPoint for point area of body with specific part of CNS
  39. 39Frontal Lobe Ipsilateral15% goes to the same side
  40. 40Parietal Lobe Primary somatosensory cortexIntegrates multisensory information for voluntary movement
  41. 41Parietal Lobe Anterior / posterior porietalIncludes the dorsal stream from the visual cortex. Regulates movement and vision.
  42. 42Parietal Lobe Ideomotor apraxiaNeuro disorder, unable to imitate movement
  43. 43Occipital Lobe Visual cortexContains dorsal stream (spatial objects), ventral stream (recognition)
  44. 44Occipital Lobe Dorsal StreamSpatial relationships of objects
  45. 45Occipital Lobe Ventral StreamRecognition of faces, objects and words
  46. 46Temporal Lobe Auditory CortexAnalysis of auditory signals
  47. 47Temporal Lobe HippocampusProcessing and recalling memory, spatial memory storage
  48. 48Temporal Lobe Olfactory (Piriform) CortexMore abstract functions, comprehension, verbal memory
  49. 49Association / integrative areasAreas of the brain for assimilating motor / sensory / memories
  50. 50Fibre tractsNerve axons for interconnection
  51. 51Cerebrospinal FluidCirculates around ventricles, acts as a cushion for cortex
  52. 52HydrocephalyAbnormal accumulation of CFS in brain. Increasing pressure.
  53. 53Meningeal membranesThree membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord.
  54. 54MeningitisInflammation infection of the membrane
  55. 55Haemotomascollection of blood outside the blood vessel
  56. 56NucleiCollection of nerves cells in the brain stem
  57. 57The Blown PupilDamage to brain stem can result in hyper relaxation of pupil
  58. 58Fasciculus caneatusC1 to T6, transmits fine touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception
  59. 59Fasciculus gracilisT7 to S5, transmits fine touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception
  60. 60DermatomesOn the skin outline of the sensory territories of each spinal nerve
  61. 61NeuronsA electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information
  62. 62Action PotentialCharge of electrical potential associated with an impulse
  63. 63NeurotransmittersAllow for communication between neurons via chemicals
  64. 64Soma / PerikargonCell Body that contain mitochondria
  65. 65IschaemiaLack of oxygen
  66. 66Nissl BodiesLarge Endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthasis
  67. 67DendritesBranching processes, extend from nerve cell
  68. 68Denritic spinesReceives input from a single axon at a synapse
  69. 69SynapseNon touching connections, junction. Impulses pass by diffusion of neurotransmitter
  70. 70CollateralsSide shoots of an axon
  71. 71MyelinatedProtects axon, increases speed of action potential, insulated from neighbours
  72. 72Excitatorystimulation of target neuron into producing action potential
  73. 73InhibitoryTarget cells is suppressed. A lot of brain circuitry work this way.
  74. 74NeurogliaSupporting cells
  75. 75AstrocytesNutrients support, connected to blood capillaries
  76. 76AstrocytomasBrain tumours often come from astrocytes, due to their cell creation.
  77. 77OligodendrocyctesProvide spiral myelin sheaths enclosing axons
  78. 78Multiple sclerosisDemyelinating disease
  79. 79Schwann cellsAny of the cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons
  80. 80EpendymaHelps move cerebral fluid found next to ventricles
  81. 81microgliaScavenging cells, consume debris and fight tumours
  82. 82MotorneuronsInnervate muscle fibres
  83. 83Neural circuitsConnections in the brain
  84. 84Hard WiredSome are hard wired and remain fixed in brain
  85. 85Soft wiredCell excitability and synapses change over time
  86. 86PathwaysGroups of nerve cells using the same neurotransmitters
  87. 87SerotoninMonoamine neurotransmitters, controls happiness and well being
  88. 88SerotonergicPathway that regulates mood, cognitive function, memory
  89. 89Obsessive CompulsiveObsessions over something, feeling that it need resolving
  90. 90Anxiety DisorderFeeling worried, nervous, unease, uncertain
  91. 91DepressionA state of mood, loss of interest, no pleasure
  92. 92Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)Drug that works at the synapse
  93. 93DopamineMotivation / reward emotions, pleasure, and euphoria, compulsion
  94. 94DopaminergicWorks in balance with serotonergic pathways to balance mood
  95. 95ReflexPart of neurological examination and reflects physiological function
  96. 96CT ScanComputer topography, X ray image without high dose. Fast.
  97. 97MRI scanMagnetic resonance imaging, spin of hydrogen atoms
  98. 98VoxelsComputers can put together volume elements to create image
  99. 99T1 and T2 weightingDifferent types of magnetic imaging
  100. 100Muscle FibresA cylindrical multinucleate cell, contract when stimulated
  101. 101FusciculiGroups of muscle fibres, surrounded by perimysium
  102. 102motor unitA motor neuron and all the muscle fibres, surrounded by perimysium
  103. 103InnervatedTo communicate and stimulate through nerves
  104. 104motorneuronA nerve cell that passes an impulse to muscle
  105. 105EndomysiumCovers the muscle fibre, contains capillaries and nerves
  106. 106PerimysiumA sheath of connective tissue surrounding a fibre bundle
  107. 107EpimysiumFascia that covers the surface of muscle
  108. 108Capillary BedMuscle has a good blood supply, network of capillaries
  109. 109ActinContractile protein, involved in motion
  110. 110MyosinCombines with actin to create movement
  111. 111SarcomeresContractile unit of skeletal muscle fibre
  112. 112Cross bridgeA transient conection between myosin and actin to form movement.
  113. 113Length tension curveRelationship between muscle length and force
  114. 114Resting LengthThe ideal length for force generation
  115. 115IsometricMuscle is contracting without movement
  116. 116IsotonicMuscle shortens freely against a load
  117. 117Force Velocity CurveRelationship between strength, power and speed.
  118. 118ConcentricMuscle is contracting and shortening
  119. 119EccentricMuscle is lengthening and contracting
  120. 120ExtrafusalMuscle fibre contracts, generating movement by a motor neuron
  121. 121Muscle spindlesStretch receptors that detect changes in muscle length
  122. 122IntrafusalMuscle fibres that serve as specialised sensory organs
  123. 1231a afferentsSensory nerve, component of muscle spindle. Monitors muscle stretch.
  124. 124Residual Muscle TensionMuscle tone, tonus
  125. 125SpaticityAbnormal muscle tone
  126. 126FibrosisThickening and scarring of connective tissue
  127. 127AtrophyWasting away of a muscle due to dissuse.
    Muscle switches from slow to fast twitch
  128. 128OculomotorMuscle of eyeball that is fast twitch
  129. 129SoleusPostural muscle of the leg, mostly slow twitch
  130. 130Type 1 SlowAerobic muscle fibre
  131. 131Type 2 FastAnaerobic muscle fibre
  132. 132Nerve fibreThread like extension of nerve cell.
    Axon and myelin.
  133. 133MyelinSurrounds nerve fibre, helps messages run smoothly and fast
  134. 134LesionsA region of tissue that has suffered damage.
  135. 135RelapseNew symptoms or old for a period of 24 hours or more
  136. 136Relapsing remitting85% with MS, flare up followed by remission
  137. 137Benign MSNo new symptoms for many years
  138. 138Secondary progressiveDeveloped after relapsing remitting, steady decline.
  139. 139Primary progressive15% from onset, symptoms steadily worsen.
  140. 140FatigueOverwhelming sense of tireness
  141. 141Optic NeuritisCommon symptom of MS, inflammation of optic nerve
  142. 142NystagmusInvoluntary eye movement
  143. 143DystoniaAbnormal muscle tone resulting in spasm, abnormal posture
  144. 144TremorRhythmical, involuntary shake
  145. 145LevodopaDrug, natural amino acid that the brain converts to dopomine
  146. 146Dopamine agonistsDrugs that mimic dopamine's function
  147. 147AmantadineDrug that promotes dopamine release
  148. 148AcquiredInjury that occurred after birth
  149. 149TraumaticInjury that was caused by an external force
  150. 150Cell bodyCompact area of cell that contains the nucleus
  151. 151FASTFace, Arm, Speech, TIme
  152. 152ClotA thick mass stuck together
  153. 153ArteryBlood from heart, mostly carrying oxygen
  154. 154EmbolusWhen a clot moves within the circulatory system
  155. 155Transient IschaemicTemporary disruption of blood supply to brain.
  156. 156HaemorrhagicRupture of weakened blood vessel
  157. 157Hemiplegiaparalysis of one side of the body
  158. 158SepticaemiaBlood poisoning due to infection, caused by bacteria or toxins
  159. 159MeningitisInflammation of the meninges due to infection, caused by bacteria or virus
  160. 160EncephalitisInflammation of the brain, localised lobes of the brain
  161. 161Anoxic / HypoxicPartial lack of oxygen to the brain
  162. 162MalignancyPresence of a cancerous tumour
  163. 163Open head injuryDirect trauma to skull
  164. 164Closed head injuryNo external head injury, brain has moved in skull causing internal damage
  165. 165PrecontemplationNo thought of change
  166. 166ContemplationThoughts of change have started
  167. 167PreparationClient is ready to change
  168. 168ActionChange has started
  169. 169MaintainanceLifestyle remains in good state
  170. 170RelapseFall back to either precontemplation, contemplation, or preparation
  171. 171Absolute contraindication BPBlood Pressure 180 / 100
  172. 172Uncontrolled TachycardiaAbove 100 BPM
  173. 173BP that requires GP clearance160 / 100
  174. 174MS prescription60-85% MHR
    50 - 70% 1RM
  175. 175Parkinsons Prescription60 - 80% MHR
    50 - 67% 1RM
  176. 176Brain injury prescription40 - 70 % MHR

Information

Description
Nerves that control the body, comprising of the Brain and Spine
Created by
James Wood
Views
5
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?