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Flashcards

Bio-psychology

campbell_quincy English 70 cards

Cards in this deck (70)

  1. 1Bio-psychologyBio-psychology Branch of Psychology that focuses on the link between the biology and behavior
  2. 2NeuronBasic building block of the nervous system.
  3. 3Sensory neuronsNeurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain an spinal cord
  4. 4Motor neuronsNeurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
  5. 5InterneuronsNeurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.
  6. 6Mirror neuronsFrontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. It also enable imitation and empathy.
  7. 7Soma (cell body)Cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus and other structures common to living cells.
  8. 8AxonThe extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands.
  9. 9Axon terminalsEnlarged, club-shaped endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells.
  10. 10DendritesThe bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.
  11. 11Myelin sheathA layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulses hops from one node to the next.
  12. 12Action potentialA neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.
  13. 13All-or-none principleA physiological principle that relates response to stimulus in excitable tissues.
  14. 14Resting potentialThe relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells.
  15. 15ThresholdThe level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.
  16. 16SynapseThe junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.
  17. 17NeurontransmittersChemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse.
  18. 18Excitatory neurotransmittersThe neurons that conduct the AP to release a neurotransmitter and they affect the postsynaptic neurons.
  19. 19Inhibitory neurotransmittersChemicals released from the terminal buttons of a neuron that inhibit the next neuron from firing.
  20. 20ReuptakeA neurotransmitter's re-absorption by the sending neuron.
  21. 21AcetylcholineA neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction.
  22. 22DopamineA monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system.
  23. 23SerotoninA neurotransmitter involved in sleep and depression and memory.
  24. 24EndorphinsNatural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.
  25. 25Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)A neurotransmitter, a chemical used by the human nervous system to send messages and modulate its own function.
  26. 26Central nervous systemThe portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
  27. 27Peripheral nervous systemDivision of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
  28. 28Somatic nervous systemThe division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles.
  29. 29Autonomic nervous systemThe part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands.
  30. 30Sympathetic nervous systemThe division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.
  31. 31Parasympathetic nervous systemThe division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy.
  32. 32ReflexesAn automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that involves a nerve impulse.
  33. 33Endocrine systemThe system of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity.
  34. 34HormonesChemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another.
  35. 35Andrenal glandsProduce hormone that speeds up your body process.
  36. 36Pituitary glandThe endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
  37. 37LesionAreas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection.
  38. 38ElectroencephalographInstrument used to turn brain waves into electrical patterns showing a picture of changes in activity.
  39. 39Computed tomographyA method of examining body organs by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis.
  40. 40Position emission tomography (PET) scanA visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.
  41. 41Magnetic resonance imagingA technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain. (MRI)
  42. 42Functional magnetic resonance imagingA form of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain that registers blood flow to functioning areas of the brain.
  43. 43HindbrainBrain stem- oldest innermost region- connects the spinal cord to the brain. We need no higher brain or conscious to orchestrate hearts pumping and lungs breathing- brain stem handles this.
  44. 44MedullaA white fatty substance that forms a medullary sheath around the axis cylinder of some nerve fibers.
  45. 45PonsA band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain.
  46. 46CerebellumThe "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.
  47. 47MidbrainThe middle division of brain responsible for hearing and sight; location where pain is registered; includes temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and most of the parietal lobe.
  48. 48Reticular formationA set of interconnected nuclei that are located throughout the brain stem
  49. 49ForebrainTop of the brain which includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex; responsible for emotional regulation, complex thought, memory aspect of personality.
  50. 50ThalamusThe brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.
  51. 51HypothalamusA section of the brain responsible for hormone production.
  52. 52AmygdalaAn almond-shape set of neurons located deep in the brain's medial temporal lobe.
  53. 53HippocampusThe part of the brain that is involved in memory forming, organizing, and storing.
  54. 54Limbic systemA network in the brain that contains structures involved in emotions and physiologic function.
  55. 55Cerebral cortexThe intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
  56. 56Left hemisphereResponsible for control of the right side of the body, and is the more artistic and creative side of the brain.
  57. 57Right hemisphereResponsible for control of the left side of the body, and is the more academic and logical side of the brain.
  58. 58Brain lateralizationFunctional specialization of the brain, with some skills, as language, occurring primarily in the left hemisphere and others, as the perception of visual and spatial relationships, occurring primarily in the right hemisphere.
  59. 59Corpus callosumThe large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.
  60. 60LobesThe different regions into which the cerebral cortex is divided.
  61. 61Association areasAny of the regions of the cerebral cortex of the brain connected by numerous nerve fibers to all parts of both cerebral hemispheres and coordinating such higher activities as learning and reasoning.
  62. 62Frontal lobeConsidered to be the emotional control center and home to personality.
  63. 63Broca's areaControls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
  64. 64Wernicke's areaThe region of the brain where spoken language is understood.
  65. 65AphasiaA disorder caused by damage to the parts of the brain that control language.
  66. 66Motor cortexAn area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
  67. 67Sensory cortexArea of neurons running down the front of the parietal lobes responsible for processing information from the skin and internal body receptors for touch, temperature, body position, and possibly taste.
  68. 68Parietal lobeProcesses sensory information that had to do with taste, temperature, and touch
  69. 69Occipital lobeResponsible for processing visual information from the eyes
  70. 70Temporal lobeResponsible for processing auditory information from the ears (hearing).

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Flashcards on Bio-psychology , created by campbell_quincy on 27/02/2014.
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