5906871
Description
Flashcards by Alexandra Shockley, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alexandra Shockley
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Uses of Radioisotopes | - radioactive iodine: can treat certain diseases of the thyroid gland - Tracers can be put into a molecule to trace path of carbon dioxide in metabolic pathway |
| How is energy related to atomic bonding? | -Energy is released when a bond is formed -Energy must be supplied to break a bond |
| Ionic Bonding | -Results from a transfer of electrons -Anion: a negative ion -Cation: a positive ion |
| Covalent Bonding | -Results from sharing electrons -Resulting structure: molecule |
| Nonpolar Bond | -If electrons are shared equally between two identical atoms -Symmetrical -Weak attractions -Will dissolve oils and fats |
| Polar Bond | -If electrons are shared unequally or between any two different atoms -Unbalanced -Strong attractions -Soluble in water |
| Why are water molecules polar? | The oxygen atom in a molecule of water exerts a greater pull on the shared electrons than do the hydrogen atoms, one side negative, other positive. Therefore it's asymmetrical. |
| Hydrogen Bonding | -Positive hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to the negative oxygen of an adjacent molecule |
| Properties of Water | -High specific heat -High heat of vaporization -Universal Solvent -Strong Cohesion Tension -Ice floats because it's less dense than water |
| High Specific Heat | Amount of heat a substance must absorb to increase 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius |
| Transpirational-pull cohesion tension | Water moves up a tall tree from the roots to the leaves without the expenditure of energy |
| Capillary Action | Combined forces of cohesion and adhesion |
| Surface Tension | Allows insects to walk on water without breaking the surface |
| Spring Overturn | A frozen layer covers lakes during the winter, insulating it and stabilizing the temperature. In the spring, the ice melts and the newly oxygenated water sinks to the bottom. Winter bacteria comes to the surface. |
| pH | -Measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a solution -The value of pH is the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter |
| Buffer | -Substance that resists changes in pH -Absorbs excess hydrogen ions or donating when there are too few |
| Most important buffer in human blood | Bicarbonate Ion |
| Isomers (+ 4 Types) | -Organic compounds that have same molecular structure but different formula -Structural, Geometric, Optical [Enantiomers] |
| Structural isomers | Differ in arrangement of atoms |
| Geometric isomers | Differ only in spatial arrangement around double bonds, which are unflexible |
| Optical isomers/Enantiomers | -Molecules that are mirror images of each other -L- (Left Handed) and D- (Right Handed) |
| Organic Compound | Compounds that contain carbon |
| Carbohydrate | -Hydrogen to Oxygen ratio always 2:1 - C(n)H(2)O |
| Monosaccharides | -C(6)H(12)O(6) -Ex: Glucose, Galactose, Fructose [Isomers] |
| Disaccharides | -C(12)H(22)O(11) -Two monosaccharides |
| Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation) | Release of one water molecule from formation of a disaccharide |
| Hydrolysis | Breakdown of a compound by adding water; reverse of condensation synthesis |
| Polysaccharides (Give 4 Examples) | -Monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis -Cellulose, Starch, Chitin, Glycogen |
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