Flashcards
High-Yield ch.8 abdominal Wall
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1Abdominal regions 9 divisions, planes: - subcostal plane - transtubercular plane - midclavicular linesEnter text here...
- 2Abdominal wall layers and paracentesis Paracentesis: is a procedure whereby a needle is inserted through the layers of the abdominal wall to withdraw excess peritoneal fluid.A. MIDLINE APPROACH.
skin ➡️ superficial fascia (Camper and Scarpa) ➡️ linea alba ➡️ transversalis fascia ➡️ extraperitoneal fat ➡️ parietal peritoneum.
B. FLANK APPROACH.
skin ➡️ superficial fascia (Camper and Scarpa) ➡️ external oblique muscle ➡️ internal oblique muscle ➡️ transverse abdominis muscle ➡️ transversalis fascia ➡️ extraperitoneal fat ➡️ parietal peritoneum.
- 3Inguinal regionis an area of weakness of the ante- rior abdominal wall due to the penetration of the testes and spermatic cord (in males) or the round ligament of the uterus (in females) during embryologic development.
- 41. Inguinal ligament 2. Deep inguinal ring 3. Superficial inguinal ring 4. Inguinal canalA. INGUINAL LIGAMENT :
is the coiled lower border of the external oblique muscle and extends from the anterior-superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle.
B. DEEP INGUINAL RING :
is an oval opening in the transversalis fascia located lateral to the inferior epigastric artery.
C. SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL RING :
is a triangular defect of the external oblique muscle located lateral to the pubic tubercle.
D. INGUINAL CANAL :
begins at the deep inguinal ring and ends at the superficial inguinal ring and transmits the spermatic cord (in males) or round ligament of the uterus (in females).
- 5Types of hernias:: 1. Direct inguinal hernia 2. Indirect inguinal hernia 3. Femoral herniaEnter text here...
- 6Surgical repair after herniaSurgical hernia repair may damage the iliohypogastric nerve, causing anesthesia of the ipsilateral abdominal wall and inguinal region, and/or the ilioin- guinal nerve, causing anesthesia of the ipsilateral penis, scrotum, and medial thigh.
- 7SCROTUM General featuresThe scrotum is an outpouching of the lower abdominal wall whereby layers of the abdominal wall continue into the scrotal area to cover the spermatic cord and testes.
- 8Metastasize of cancer of the scrotum VS Metastasize of cancer of the tested1. Cancer of the scrotum will metastasize to superficial inguinal nodes.
2. Cancer of the testes will metastasize to deep lumbar nodes
due to the embryologic development of the testes within the abdominal cavity and subsequent
descent into the scrotum.
- 9Extravasated urinefrom a saddle injury will be found within the superficial perineal space located between the Colles fascia and dartos muscle
(layer #2) and the external spermatic fascia (layer #3).
- 10Cremastric reflexCremasteric Reflex. Stroking the skin of the superior and medial thigh stimulates sensory fibers that run with the ilioinguinal nerve and serve as the afferent limb of the cremasteric reflex. Motor fibers that run with the genital branch of the gen- itofemoral nerve are distributed to the cremasteric muscle, where they cause con- traction of the cremasteric muscle, thereby elevating the testis (i.e., the efferent limb of the cremasteric reflex).
- 11Vasectomy ( extraction of ductus -vas- deferens ) layers being penetrated:In a vasectomy, the scalpel will cut through the following layers in succession:
skin ➡️ Colles fascia and dartos muscle ➡️ external spermatic fascia ➡️ cremasteric fascia and muscle ➡️ internal spermatic fascia ➡️ extraperitoneal fat. - 12the layers of the abdominal wall continuing into the scrotal area as the coverings of the spermatic cord and testesEnter text here...
