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Description
Flashcards by Kisha Limose, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kisha Limose
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define Cell . | Cell : the structural and functional unit of all living things . |
| In all cells; name 3 major regions, or parts that can easily be identified with a light microscope | -Nucleus -Cytoplasm -Plasma Membrane |
| The nucleus contains | The genetic material, DNA, which are also called "genes" |
| The nucleus is also known as | The control Center |
| Define Chromatin . | Chromatin : a threadlike material that contains genetic material . |
| Define Nucleoli . | Nucleoli : composed of primarily proteins and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA); sites for ribosomal particles . |
| The nucleus is bound by a double-layered membrane called ? | The Nuclear Envelope |
| The nuclear envelope is similar in composition to other cellular membranes but, it is distinguished by ? | its large Nuclear Pores |
| What does the plasma membrane do ? | the plasma membrane separates cell contents from the surrounding environment . |
| what does a plasma membrane consists of ? | -phospholipids (fats) -Globular protein |
| Besides providing a protective barrier, the plasma membrane plays an active role in determining what ? | Determing which substances may enter or leave the cell and in what quantity aka Selective Permeability . |
| Transport in the plasma membrane occurs in two ways : | 1. Active Transport : the cell must provide energy, ATP to power the transport process . 2. Passive Transport : the transport process is driven by concentration or pressure . |
| Define Microvilli . | Microvilli : fingerlike projections or folds |
| Microvilli's Function. | Microvilli : 1. increases the surface area of the cell available for absorption or passage of materials 2. and for binding of signaling molecules. |
| What does the cytoplasm consists of ? | cell contents; lies between the nucleus and the plasma membrane . |
| The fluid cytoplasmic material is called ? | Cytosol |
| Organelles found in the cytosol | -Ribosomes -Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough & Smooth) -Golgi Apparatus -lysosomes -peroxisomes -mitochondria -centrioles -Cytoskeletal elements (intermidiate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules ) |
| Location and function of a Ribosome | Function : Tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein . Location : floating free or attached to a membranous structure (Rough ER) in the cytoplasm . |
| Location and Function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum . | Location : membranous system of tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm Smooth ER Function : has no function in protein synthesis (rather its a site for steroid, & lipid sythesis, lipid metabolism, drug detoxification) Rough ER Function : studded with ribosomes, its tubules provides an area for storage and transport of proteins made on ribosomes to other cell areas; external face synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol . |
| Location and Function of Golgi Apparatus | Location : stackd of flattened sacs and small vesicles. found close to the nucleus Function : plays a role in packaging proteins or other substances for export |
| Function of Lysosomes | Various-sized membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) Function : to digest worn out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell. |
| Function of Peroxisomes | Function : Small lysosome-like membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals . |
| Function of Mitochondria | Function : contains enzymes that oxidize foodsrtuffs to produce cellular energy (ATP) often referred to as "Powerhouse of the cell" |
| Location and function of Centrioles | Location : Paired, cylindrical bodies that lie at right angles to each other, close to the nucleus. Function : directs the formation if the mitotic spindle during cell division; forms the bases of cilia and flagella . |
| Location and Function of Cytoskeletal Elements | Function: provides cellular support -Microfilaments are important in cell motility -intermediate filaments resists mechanical forces acting on cells -Microtubules form internal structures of centrioles and help determine cell shape |
| deine interphase | Interphase : the longer period during which the cell grows and carries out its usual activities. |
| Define cell division | Cell division : when the cell reproduces itself by dividing |
| Cell division consists of a series of events called ? | Mitosis and Cytokinesis -Mitosis : a nuclear division -Cytokinesis: the division of the cytoplasm |
| Define mitosis | Mitosis : is two daughter nuclei that are genetically identical to the mother nucleus |
| Define Meiosis. | Meoisis: is a specialized type of nuclear division that occurs only in the reproductive organs (testes, ovaries) contains 4 daughter nuclei that differ genetically in composition from the mother nucleus. |
| Interphase | the period of a cell's life when it carries out its normal metabolic activities and grows |
| Early Prophase | -duplicated chromosome appear as identical threads now called sister chromatids -microtubules propel centrosomes towards opposite ends (poles) -microtubules exhibit rays called asters (stars) |
| Late Prophase | |
| Metaphase | -second phase of mitosis -centrosomes at opposite poles of cell -chromosomes clusterat the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase | -third short phase -moving chromosomes look v-shaped "arms" dangle behind them |
| Telophase | -nuclearenvelope forms around each chromatin -nucleoli reappears -spindle breaks down and disappears -Mitosis is done -the cell is binucleate, with a nucleus identical to the original mother nucleus |
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