6155250
Description
Flashcards by Hannah Shakeshaft, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hannah Shakeshaft
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The Central Nervous System (CNS) | This comprises of the brain and the spinal chord. Controlling the higher order cognitive functions such as learninh, memory and thought. |
| The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | This is made up of all the nerves outside of the Brain and Spinal Chord and sensory neurons. (this is divided up further into the SNS and ANS) |
| Somatic Nervous System (SNS) | Otherwise know as the voluntary system carries impulses to the skeletal muscles and sensory receptors from the brain and spinal chord |
| Autonomic Nervous System ANS | Otherwise know as involuntary carries impulses from the body's internal organs. (Is further divided into the Sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system) |
| Sympathetic Vs Parasympathetic | The sNS is the 'fight or flight' system that prepares the body for action by increasing the animal's heart rate; blood pressure etc. the psNS does the opposite (rest) |
| Nerves | in short, they are cylindrical bundles of fibress that start at the brain and spinal chord and branch out to the rest of the body. |
| Neurons | are a complex collection of nerves that send signals to other cells through fibres called Axons. Causing chemicals (neurotransmitters) to be released at junctions called Synapses. |
| Synapses | Is the space between an axon and another cells membrane, commanding to the cell and the entire communication process. |
| Sensory Neurons | Sensory Neurons react to physical stimuli (light, sound, touch), and send feedback to the CNS about the current environment. |
| Motor Neurons | Located in the CNS or Peripheral ganglia(cluster of neurons), transmit signals to activate muscles or glands. |
| Glial Cells | Support, protecy or nourish nerve cells |
| Classifications | Multi-polar = Central Nervous system - one dendrite BiPolar = axon at both ends Monopolar = Single Branch - input and output zones |
| Myelin | Affects speed of neural impulse - covers the axon as a fatty diposite type tissue. |
| Dendrite | Connected to the neuron by axon pillar |
| Resting Membrane Potential | Potential: stored up source of electrical energy - like a battery - at rest = -70mV De-polarisation: the inside relevant to the outside. Electrical potential becomes less negative in charge. RMP neutrally is -70mV, then becomes -65mV. Hyperpolarisation: Inside relative to outside, electrical potential becomes more negative in charge. RMP = -85mV. |
| Maintaining the Membrane Potential | Sodium-potassium pumps move two potassium ions inside the cell as three sodium ions are pumped out to maintain the negatively-charged membrane inside the cell; this helps maintain the resting potential |
| Diffusion | Diffusion: (concentration gradient = high to low). Selective permeability: (molecules always moving from one area to another without blockage) |
| Electrostatic Pressure | attract or repelled molecules, eg. ions of positive charge and ions of negative - attract, and pos + pos = repel. |
| Ion Levels | Anions: Negatively Charged - proteins and chloride Cations: Positively charged - sodium and potassium |
| Intracellular Fluid & Extracellular Fluid | Different concentrations of ions |
| Action Potential |
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