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Flashcards

N112 #1

Kate Caldwell English 133 cards

Cards in this deck (133)

  1. 1What is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly?Macular Degeneration
  2. 2What are the 3 bones of the middle ear?Incus, Malleus, Stapes
  3. 3What is otalgia?Earache
  4. 4What is Otitis Media?Ear Infection
  5. 5What is Tinnitus?Ringing in the ear
  6. 6Why are earaches more common in kids?Because the eustacian tube is shorter in kids
  7. 7What is the clinical name for ear discharge? What does it signify?Otorhia...means the ear drum is ruptured
  8. 8When examining the inner ear of an adult, what do you do to the Pinna?Pull it up and back
  9. 9When examining the inner ear of an child, what do you do to the Pinna?Pull it down (for kids younger than 3)
  10. 10Which part of the ear should appear shiny and translucent, with a pearl-grey color?Tympanic Membrane
  11. 11The tympanic membrane has what "clock" features?Right ear: cone shaped light reflex @ 5:00
    Left ear: cone shaped light reflex @ 7:00
  12. 12What is conductive hearing loss?Mechanical dysfunction of outer or middle ear. May be the result of a ruptured tympanic membrane
  13. 13What is sensioneural hearing loss?Dysfunction of the inner ear. Caused be presbycusis (nerve degeneration in inner ear or auditory nerve)
  14. 14In the elderly what will the ear drum look like?Thinner and whiter
  15. 15What is labyrinthitis?Inflammation of body labyrinth. Causes vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus (twitching of eyes)
  16. 16What area of the brain is associated with our expressive language?Broca's
  17. 17Which area of the brain is associated with our receptive language?Wernicke's
  18. 18The Frontal Lobe of the brain accounts for what?Personality/Behavior
  19. 19Sensation derives from what part of the brain?Parietal lobe
  20. 20What 3 tests examine the condition of the cerebellum?Gait, Tandem walk, Romberg Test
  21. 21What tests coordination?Rapid Alternating Movements: patting hands, finger to nose, heel to shin, etc.
  22. 22While doing reflexes, what is reinforcement?If unable to get a reflex, have patient hold hands tightly at chest level-takes their mind and body off of the area being tested
  23. 23What 7 areas do we test for reflexesPatella, Quad, Bicep, Tricep, Brachial radialis, Achilles, Plantar
  24. 24Which reflex is considered a superficial reflex?Plantar
  25. 25Which 2 reflexes do you test with the pointed end of the hammer?Bicep, Brachial radialis
  26. 26What is a Babinski reflex?When assessing the plantar reflex, the great toe extends and other fan out. This is abnormal, except in children who have not walked yet
  27. 27What is Clonus?Involuntary muscle contractions
  28. 28What is the most important form of therapeutic communication?Open ended questions!
  29. 29What are the steps to the WHOLE nursing assessment process?assessment, diagnosis, planning/outcome ID, implementation, evaluation
  30. 30What tests are done to asses CN II?Optic Nerve: Visual acuity, Confrontation, Fundoscopic Exam
  31. 31What are first level priorities?Airway, breathing, circulation, vitals
  32. 32What are second level priorities?Mental status, acute pain, abnormal lab values
  33. 33What tests are done to asses CN III, IV, and VI?Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens: Pupil size, Pupillary light reflex, corneal light reflex, accomodation, 6 fields of vision, raising the eyebrows
  34. 34What are third level priorities?Lack of patient knowledge, inactivity, lack of rest
  35. 35What are the 4 steps, in order, of assessment?Inspection, palpcation, percussion, auscultation
  36. 36What tests are done to asses CN I?Olfactory: Patency, Smell test
  37. 37What tests are done to asses CN VIII?Acoustic Nerve: Whisper test, Romberg Test
  38. 38Why do we begin palpation with non-tender areas?We begin with non tender, then end with tender areas so that pain won't radiate to areas that were painless before
  39. 39Normal lungs should percuss what sounds?resonant
  40. 40Which organs percuss a dull sound?liver, spleen
  41. 41CN IOlfactory
  42. 42CN IIOptic
  43. 43Which areas percuss flat sound?bones, muscles, tumors
  44. 44What tests are done to asses CN IX, I, XII?Vagus, Glossopharyngeal, Hypoglossal: Swallow, Raising Uvula upon "aah", gag reflex, speech, tongue is midline
  45. 45CN IIIOculomotor
  46. 46CN IIIOculomotor
  47. 47What tests are done to asses CN VII?Facial Nerve: Smile, Frown, taste
  48. 48When is the diaphragm of a stethescope used?Used most often. Detects high pitched sounds, such as those from the heart, lungs, or bowels
  49. 49CN IVTrochlear
  50. 50When is the bell of a stethescope used?Used for low-pitched sounds, like extra heart sounds and murmors
  51. 51CN VTrigeminal
  52. 52What tests are done to asses CN V?Trigeminal Nerve: Chewing, sensory tough to face (cheek, chin, forehead)
  53. 53What are the 3 layers of the skin, from outside to inside?Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
  54. 54CN VIAbducens
  55. 55CN VIIFacial
  56. 56VIIIAcoustic
  57. 57Capillary refill of nails should occur within how long?2 seconds
  58. 58What tests are done to asses CN XI?Spinal Accessory Nerve: Push against hand while head is turned, shrug shoulders
  59. 59IXVagus
  60. 60IXVagus
  61. 61Normal nail profile should be how many degrees?160 degrees. If more --> COPD
  62. 62XGlossopharyngeal
  63. 63What is the most common form of skin cancer in the US?Basal cells
  64. 64XIIHypoglossal
  65. 65XISpinal Accessory
  66. 66With regards to skin, what does the acronym ABCDE mean?Self-Skin exam: asymmetry, border, color, diameter, elevation
  67. 67Sensory Function: Describe the Spinothalmic ExamSharp, dull, light touches on arms and legs while eyes are closed
  68. 68What is xerosis?Dry skin
  69. 69What is a nosocomial infection?One acquired in the hospital
  70. 70What is a bruit?Swoowshing sound caused by turbulent air flow
  71. 71Sensory Function: Describe the 2 Point Discrimination TestUse paper clip with 2 points. People can't distinguish 2 points once the difference gets to 2-8 mm
  72. 72What do we call the area where two cranial bones meet?Suture
  73. 73What 2 salivary glands can normally be assessed?Parotid and Submandibular
  74. 74Sensory Function: Describe the Finger Position TestRaise finger up and down
  75. 75What is stereognosis?Distinguish common objects in hand
  76. 76What are the 10 lymph nodes, in the order they should be assessed?Preauruclar, posterior auricle, occipital, submental, submandibular, tonsilar, superficial cervicle, deep cervicle, posterior cervicle, supraclavicular
  77. 77What is graphesthesia?Draw shape/number on their palm
  78. 78Sensory Function: Describe the Extinction TestTouch area of arm or leg, then they touch it back (eyes are closed)
  79. 79A malignant lymph node would have what characteristics?Hard and non-moveable
  80. 80Sensory Function: Describe the Vibration TestUse a tuning fork. While their eyes are closed, touch distal part of finger or toe. They tell you when they feel vibration
  81. 81Inflamed lymph nodes would have what characteristics?Tender, warm, and moveable
  82. 82What are the 4 components of the Brief Neuro Exam?Level of Consciousness, Glasgow Coma scale, Pupillary response, Vitals
  83. 83What signifies Lymphadnopethy?Lymph nodes swollen to a size of greater than 1 cm
  84. 84What is decorticate position?Hands clenched, tight to chest
  85. 85What does a bruit in the thyroid gland signify?Myxedema (Hypothyroidism)
  86. 86What is decerebrate position?Hands clenched outward, away from chest
  87. 87What is neuropathy?Loss of sensation in toes/hands
  88. 88What is the difference between Bell's Palsy and a Stroke?BP: lower motor nueron problem, also can't raise eyebrows or close eyes. Stroke: upper motor nueron problem
  89. 89Where is the suprasternal notch?Top of the sternum, between the clavicles
  90. 90What is Candida Albicans?Thrush-produces white patches on tongue that can be scraped off
  91. 91Where is the Angle of Louis?Botton of suprasternal notch, at level of 2nd rib
  92. 92What would the nasal mucosa look like in a person with allergies?Swollen, boggy, and grey
  93. 93What is the Costal Angle?Made by meeting of sternum with lower ribs. Should be <90 degrees
  94. 94What 2 sinuses would you check for swelling/pain in the face?Frontal, Maxillary
  95. 95Where is the xiphoid process?At the bottom of the sternum
  96. 96What are the 3 layers of the eye, from out to in?Sclera, Choroid, Retina
  97. 97Which vertebra is most prominent in the posterior?C7
  98. 98What color should the optic disc be?Creamy orange-yellow to pink.
  99. 99How many lobes does each lung have?Right-3, Left-2
  100. 100What is strabismus?Cross-eyed
  101. 101Are the lungs symmetrical in size?No, R is shorter due to liver at bottom, L is thinner due to heart pushing in
  102. 102What is photophobia?Sensitivity to light
  103. 103What is our stimulus to breathe?Build up of CO2
  104. 104What is diplopia?Double vision
  105. 105What are the two kinds of extraoccular muscles we have?Oblique and Rectus
  106. 106During inspiration, what happens to our AP diameter?Increases (belly fills up with air, gets fat!)
  107. 107When doing a Snellen test, how far away should the person stand from the chart?20 feet
  108. 108What happens to the AP diameter upon expiration?Decreases
  109. 109What is the normal AP diameter?1:2
  110. 110With old age, what happens to the AP diameter?Develop barrel chest, 1:1. This also happens with COPD
  111. 111Based on the Snellen eye test, if a person has 20/30 vision, what does this mean?They can see from 20 feet what MOST can see from 30 feet
  112. 112How do you evaluate symmetric chest expansion?Place thumbs on posterior wall at T9/10. Have client inhale-thumbs should move apart symmetrically. If they don't, may have a collapsed lung
  113. 113With the snellen eye chart, the bigger the denominator means...The worse the vision
  114. 114How do you examine Tactile Fremitus?Use ball of fingers, have patient say "99". Should feel symmetrical vibrations, most prominent at the top
  115. 115What is presbyopia?Decrease in accomodation with age
  116. 116What does increased fremitus mean?Pneumonia
  117. 117The Confrontation Test tests what?Peripheral vision
  118. 118What does decreased fremitus mean?Obstruction of lung
  119. 119Where do you hear bronchovesicular sounds?Over vertibrae. Equal inspiration and experation
  120. 120What's another name for the Hirschberg Test, and what does it test?AKA Corneal Light Reflex. Reflection of light should be at same spot on both eyes
  121. 121With the Cover Test, when the eye is uncovered, if it "jumps", what does this mean?Muscle is weak
  122. 122Where do you hear Bronchial sounds?Around trachea, larynx. Short inspiration, long expiration
  123. 123In what direction is it normal to have slight nystagmus (twitching)?extreme lateral
  124. 124Where do you hear Vesicular sounds?Heard over peripheral lung tissue. Most common! Long inspiration, short expiration.
  125. 125Normal lung sounds should be what?Resonnant
  126. 126What does PERRLA mean?Pupils are Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accomodation
  127. 127What could rales/crackles indicate?Pneumonia
  128. 128What is stridor? What does it indicate?High pitch on inspiration. Indicates Croup
  129. 129What is Anisocorla?Pupils of different size. 5% of people have this
  130. 130Pleuritis makes a grating sound. What is this called?Pleural friction rub
  131. 131When administering the Pupillary Light Reflex, what should happen?As light shines on same side pupil, it will constrict. Consentual light reflex should occur with the opposite pupil constricting as well.
  132. 132With the Accomodation test, when person moves vision from far to near, what happens?Pupils go from dilation to constriction
  133. 133What are the 3 levels of prevention?Primary (health promotion), Secondary (early diagnosis), Tertiary (controlling progression)

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Flashcards on N112 #1, created by Kate Caldwell on 29/04/2013.
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Kate Caldwell
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