6193740
Description
Flashcards by qish mat noor, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by qish mat noor
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Characteristic of Archaea | • Presence odd shape • Example: needle-like filament, square • Reproduction: asexually such as binary fission, budding or fragmentation • Respiration: aerobic and anaerobic • Nutrition: organic compound, ammonia and metal ions • Interaction: mutualism or commensals |
| Unique feature of Archaea - Cell wall | • Do not contain peptidoglycan • Contain s-layer that interact with plasma membrane |
| Cell wall for methanogens | • Have pseudomurein • L-amino acids • N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid • Beta (1->3) glycosidic bond • Resistant to lysozyme and beta lactam antibiotic |
| Unique feature of Archaea - Outer membrane | • Hyperthermophiles • Lack s-layer but 3ith outer membrane • Association with cell of smaller archaeon, nanoarchaeum equitants at outer membrane. • Example: ignococcus |
| Membrane lipid | • Help maintain integrity at high temperature and osmolarity • Have more complex membrane to prevent loss of ions • Have isoprenoid sidechain which is a long chain with multiple side-branch and ring • Branched chain hydrocarbon attached to D-glycerol by ether linkage |
| Unique feature of Archaea - Metabolism | Nutritional type - Phototrophs - Litotrophs - Organotrophs Sources of energy - Sunlight - Inorganic compound (sulfur Ammonia) - Organic compound (carbon, alcohol, acetic acid,formic acid) Sources of carbon - Organic compound - Organic compound or Carbon fixation - Organic compound or Carbon fixation |
| Unique feature of Archaea - Genetic | • Single closed DNA circle • Contain plasmid • Possess eukaryotic • Genome size are bigger • Lower variation in GC contain • Start codon: AUG codes |
| Phyla crenarchaeota | • Thermophiles (45 C), hyperthermophiles (80 C), extremely thermophiles (105 C), acidophiles and sulfur depends • Strict anaerobes • Habitat: geothermally heated water or soils with demental sulfur • Application: enzyme in various industries, DNA polymerase from from Thermus aquaticus. |
| 2 genera of Phyla crenarchaeota | 1. Geogemma sp • Surviving high temperature (2h 130 C) 2. Pyrodictium sp • Habitat: deep-sea hydrothermal vents • Irregular disks with elongated protein tubules for attachment to gram of sulfur |
| Phyla Euryarchaeota | Two Dominant group 1. Methanogens 2. Halophiles |
| Phyla Euryarchaeota - Methanogens | • Largest group of archae • Strict anaerobes • Convert carbon dioxide, hydrogen, formate, methanol and acetate • Morphology: long rods or filaments, straight or curved rods, irregular cocci, spirilla and short curve rods • Metabolism: anoxic environment rich in organic matters • Metabolism: unique cofactors for methane synthesis • Beneficial: methane for clean burning and fuel for energy • Harmful: methane absorb infrared radiation caused greenhouse gas. |
| Phyla Euryarchaeota - Halophiles | • Aerobic • Motile/non motile • High concentration of 3-4 M NaCl • Habitat: salt lakes, salted fish • Examples: Halobacter salinarium • Photosynthesis without chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll |
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