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Flashcards

Th3L04 Soft connective tissue

Emma Allde Medicine Y1 English 80 cards

Th3L04 Soft connective tissue

Cards in this deck (80)

  1. 1Connective tissue comprises what?Extracellular matrix (ECM) and support cells
  2. 2What are the three forms of connective tissue?Soft, semi-hard (cartilage) and hard (bone)
  3. 3How do the different forms of connective tissue vary?Vary in ECM form
  4. 4What do epithelial tissue not contain?Blood vessels
  5. 5What do epithelial tissue depends on for nutrients?Diffusion from the capillaries found in soft connective tissue for nutrients
  6. 6Soft connective tissue consists of what?Cells embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM)
  7. 7What are cells of soft tissue responsible for?Synthesise and secrete the ECM that they are embedded in
  8. 8Fascia is a form of what?Thick connective tissue
  9. 9The variable composition of ECM alters what?the functional properties of the connective tissue
  10. 10What is the composition of soft connective tissue?Collagen fibres, microphages, capillaries, fibroblasts, elastic fibres, mast cells, various proteins (e.g. hyaluronan, proteoglycans, glycoproteins)What is the composition of soft connective tissue?
  11. 11What is hyaluronan?a long GAG (glycosaminoglycan) not covalently linked, forms complex with proteoglycans
  12. 12What is proteoglycans?A glycoprotein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells
  13. 13What are glycoproteins?Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins
  14. 14Where is soft connective tissue found?Under the epithelium and basal lamina
  15. 15What are the functions of soft connective tissue? (5)* Space filler and mechanical support
    * Attachment and protection
    * Highway for nutrients
    * Storage of fat and other nutrients (e.g. calcium)
    * Site of immunological defence (DOES NOT OCCUR IN BLOOD VESSELS)
  16. 16What is the role of capsules?Hold organs, joints, etc. in the right shape
  17. 17What is the role of sugars of glycoproteins?Increase the half-life of a protein because protecting them from extracellular proteases
  18. 18What are the different types of soft CT? (5)Mesenchyme, loose, dense, reticular, adipose
  19. 19What is mesenchyme?Embryonic, soft CT that attaches the small intestine to the abdominal wall
  20. 20What are the characteristics of loose connective tissue?(Areolar), mesentery, connective tissue found beneath the dermis
  21. 21What is dense connective tissue?Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibres (making them strong) or elastic fibres, or both
  22. 22What are the different types of dense connective tissue?Tendons, in dermis, organs, capsules
  23. 23What is reticular connective tissue?A delicate network of interwoven fibers (connective tissue)
  24. 24Where is reticular connective tissue found?In the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
  25. 25What is adipose tissue?A form of connective tissue; fat cells
  26. 26The extra cellular matrix is composed of:* Proteins (namely glycoproteins)
    * Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
    * Proteoglycans (proteins with GAG side chains)
  27. 27What are the components of hydrated gel?GAGs + glycoproteins
  28. 28What are the major proteins of ECM?Collagen, elastin, adhesive
  29. 29What are are fibroblasts?Cells that synthesise and secrete ECM proteins (collagen, elastin and adhesive)
  30. 30What do fibroblasts contain?A lot of rough ER because of their role in protein synthesis
  31. 31What is collagen?Protein that determines the tensile (capable of withstanding stress) strength of the EC matrix
  32. 32Where is collagen found?Tendons, dense connective tissue, ligaments
  33. 33What is composition of collagen? (3)* Rod-shaped triple helix of polypeptides
    * Up to 420 nm long
    * Not extensible (i.e. does not stretch)
  34. 34What structure does collagen form in some ECM?Fibrils
  35. 35How many varieties of collagen proteins are found in proteins?Over 20 specialised types with varying sizes and shapes and relate to function
  36. 36How many main types of collagen exist?4 but 26 are known
  37. 37What are the two main types of collagen?Fibrillar and sheet
  38. 38What is the most abundant type of collagen?Fibrillar
  39. 39How many types of fibrillar collagen exist?Three
  40. 40Where is Type I fibrillar collagen found?Skin, bone, tendons, dentine
  41. 41Where is Type II fibrillar collagen found?Found in cartilage
  42. 42Where is Type III fibrillar collagen found?Blood vessels and skin (dermis)
  43. 43Where is type IV (sheet) collagen found?It is the major structural protein of basement membrane of epithelial cells
  44. 44What is elastinProtein that determines the elasticity of the EC matrix
  45. 45What are the characteristics of elastic fibres? (2)* Composed of elastin protein
    * Extensible (like rubber) with passive recoil
    * Can withstand > 2 billion cycles of stretch-recoil before loosing elasticity
    * Fibres lose elasticity during the ageing process    What are the characteristics of elastic fibres? (2)
  46. 46Where are elastic fibres found?Dermis, blood vessels (esp. wall of aorta) and lungs
  47. 47What is the role of elastic fibres?Energy stores in elastic fibres assists in pushing blood through in circulation
  48. 48What are composite materials of elastic fibres?Core of elastin proteins coated with microfibrils including the glycoprotein fibrillin
  49. 49What is fibrillin?Glycoprotein that forms sheath around elastin
  50. 50What is Marfan syndrome?Mutations in the fibrillin gene that affects tissues rich in elastin, including the aorta which becomes prone to rupture
  51. 51What is the role microfibrils?Synthesis of elastic fibres that appear first and seem to form a scaffold on which elastic proteins are deposited
  52. 52What happens to microfibrils as elastic fibres grow?They are displaced to the periphery of the fibre as the elastic fibres grow
  53. 53What are elastic fibres synthesised?In embryonic and juvenile fibroblasts as tissues form and grow
  54. 54What is adhesive?Adhesion proteins for fibroblasts and other cellsWhat is adhesive?
  55. 55Where are adhesive proteins found?On the surface of cells
  56. 56What is the role of adhesive proteinsThey form cross-link connective tissue cells to collagen
  57. 57What is integrin?An adhesive protein that forms transmembrane, adhesion protein that attaches binds keratin to basal lamina. Also links with actin in cytoskeleton.
  58. 58What is fibronectin?An adhesive protein found in abundantly in connective tissue.
  59. 59What is tenascin?An adhesive protein found in the extracellular matrix glycoproteins that are abundant in the extracellular matrix of developing vertebrate embryos; reappear around healing wounds
  60. 60What is laminin?An adhesive protein found in basal lamina that binds epithelia to basal membrane
  61. 61What is the role of the basal membrane?It separates the connective tissue from overlying epithelium, forming a physical barrier to cell mixing that maintains the integrity of the two tissues
  62. 62What are GAGs?Glycosaminoglycans formerly known as mucopolysaccharides with the exception of hyaluronWhat are GAGs?
  63. 63What do GAGs attach to?Protein
  64. 64Where are GAGs found?In connective tissue ECM constitute
  65. 65How much of the ECM do GAGs make up (in weight and volume)?<10% of ECM weight but fill most of the volume as porous hydrated gel
  66. 66How are GAGs synthesised?Attached to a core as a proteoglycan?
  67. 67What is the structure of GAGs? (2)* Repeating disaccharide subunits from 70-200 sugars long made up of pairs
    * High density of negative charge at physiological pH
  68. 68Describe carbohydrate chain properties? (3)* Too rigid to fold into compact structures
    * Strongly hydrophilic
    * Tend to adopt highly extended shapes that occupy a huge volume    Describe carbohydrate chain properties? (3)
  69. 69What is a carcinoma?A malignant tumour that occurs in epithelial tissue that is relatively common
  70. 70What makes a carcinoma metastatic?When it bores a hole through collagen structure of basal laminaWhat makes a carcinoma metastatic?
  71. 71How is the watery gel of the ECM formed?Water gets sucked into the matrix by osmotically active ion cloud from the negatively charged residues on the sugar because water is polar
  72. 72How does the ECM withstand compressive forces?* Water creates swelling pressure (turgor) that enables the connective tissue ECM to withstand compressive forces
    * Compared to collagen that resists stretch forces
  73. 73What are the two classes of connective tissue cells?Indigenous and immigrants
  74. 74What are the roles of indigenous connective tissue cells?Synthesis of ECM, lipid storage
  75. 75What is another name for indigenous connective tissue cells?Mesenchymal stem cells
  76. 76What are the three types of indigenous connective tissue cells?Fibroblasts, adipocytes and mast cells
  77. 77What is the role of fibroblasts?* ECM producer (all components but mainly proteins)
    * Full of RER
  78. 78What is the role of adipocytes?Fat storage and leptin secretion
  79. 79What is the main role of immigrant connective tissue cells?Immune response
  80. 80What are immigrant connective tissue cells mainly made up of?Leukocytes

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Medicine Y1 (Theme 3 | Tissues and systems) Flashcards on Th3L04 Soft connective tissue , created by Emma Allde on 04/09/2016.
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Emma Allde
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