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RCA Thoracic cavity

Binura Wijesinghe English 35 cards

Name the cavity highlighted: Name and describe the two layers that comprise the cavity:

Cards in this deck (35)

  1. 1Name the cavity highlighted: Name and describe the two layers that comprise the cavity:Cavity: Pleural cavity
    Comprised of: The visceral pleura, which is adherent to the lung, and the parietal pleura, which attaches the lung to the periosteum and perimysium of chest wall muscles via the endothoracic fascia. The two pleural membranes are serous membranes, meaning they secrete serous fluid into the pleural cavity, lubricating the movements of the lung.    Name the cavity highlighted: Name and describe the two layers that comprise the cavity:
  2. 2Name the structure highlighted: Composition: Function:Pulmonary ligament
    Composition: The visceral and parietal pleura are continuous with each other at the root of the lung, and inferiorly from the root form the pulmonary ligament.
    Function: The pulmonary ligament is a dead space, accommodating both engorged pulmonary veins if there is increased venous return and the movements of structures which comprise the root of the lung with movements of the lung.    Name the structure highlighted: Composition: Function:Name the structure highlighted: Composition: Function:
  3. 3Name the four different parts of parietal pleura shown here: Describe the nerve supply to each part:Costal pleura: Underlying the ribs.
    Diaphragmatic pleura: Overlying the diaphragm.
    Mediastinal pleura: Adjacent to the mediastinum.
    Costal pleura: Extends through the superior thoracic aperture (also called cupola).
    Nerve innervations:
    Costal and lateral diaphragmatic: Intercostal nerves from thoracic spinal nerves.
    Mediastinal and central diaphragmatic: Phrenic.
    Cervical: Cervical plexus.    Name the four different parts of parietal pleura shown here: Describe the nerve supply to each part:Name the four different parts of parietal pleura shown here: Describe the nerve supply to each part:
  4. 4Define the root and hilum of the lung: Which surface of the lung are they located:Root: A term which encompasses all the structures which enter and leave the lung.
    Hilum: An impression on the medial surface of the lung where the root is.    Define the root and hilum of the lung: Which surface of the lung are they located:Define the root and hilum of the lung: Which surface of the lung are they located:
  5. 5Name Relation to the 1st costal cartilage and 1st thoracic vertebra: Relations anteriorly and medially: Occurrence of cancer:The cupola/cervical pleura and therefore apex of the lung extends 3-4 cm above the 1st costal cartilage extending into the root of the neck but is still below the superior border of the 1st thoracic vertebra due to the downward slope of the superior thoracic aperture.
    Relations anteriorly: Phrenic nerve, scalenus anterior, subclavian artery and vein.
    Relations medially: Vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve and sympathetic chain.
    Lastly, the apex of the lung is a common site for cancer.    Name Relation to the 1st costal cartilage and 1st thoracic vertebra: Relations anteriorly and medially: Occurrence of cancer:Name Relation to the 1st costal cartilage and 1st thoracic vertebra: Relations anteriorly and medially: Occurrence of cancer:
  6. 6Name these two areas: Function:Pleural cavity recesses are where two parts of parietal pleura oppose one another.
    Function: They provide potential space for accommodation of an overly expanded lung during forced inspiration.    Name these two areas: Function:Name these two areas: Function:
  7. 7Describe the level of the lung and pleura in the midclavicular, mid axillary and scapular lines: How does this differ for children:Describe the level of the lung and pleura in the midclavicular, mid axillary and scapular lines: How does this differ for children:
  8. 8Describe the mediastinum: Name the divisions of the mediastinum:The mediastinum is the area between the pleural cavities in the thorax and contains all the structures of the thorax outside of the pleural cavity.
    There are two main divisions; superior and inferior mediastinum.
    The inferior mediastinum is further subdivided into anterior, middle and posterior.    Describe the mediastinum: Name the divisions of the mediastinum:
  9. 9Name the 8 structures demarcated by the plane between the sternal angle and 4th thoracic vertebra:1. Sternal angle anteriorly and 4th thoracic vertebra posteriorly.
    2. 2nd rib.
    3. Bifurcation of the trachea.
    4. Beginning and end of the aortic arch.
    5. Beginning of the thoracic aorta.
    6. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve travels underneath the aortic arch and ligamentum arteriosum.
    7. 2nd narrowing of the esophagus where it is crossed by the aortic arch and left main bronchus; most common site of esophageal cancer.
    8. Demarcation of the superior and inferior mediastinum.    Name the 8 structures demarcated by the plane between the sternal angle and 4th thoracic vertebra:
  10. 10Name the area highlighted in green: Describe the contents:Anterior mediastinum:
    Contents:
    1. Parasternal lymph nodes which drain the medial half of the breast.
    2. Internal thoracic artery/vein and their branches.    Name the area highlighted in green: Describe the contents:
  11. 11Name the structure highlighted in green: Area drained:Parasternal lymph nodes.
    Drain the medial part of the breasts.    Name the structure highlighted in green: Area drained:Name the structure highlighted in green: Area drained:
  12. 12Name the structure highlighted in green: Name the branches (4):Internal thoracic artery
    Branches: Pericardiophrenic, anterior intercostals, musculophrenic and superior epigastric.    Name the structure highlighted in green: Name the branches (4):Name the structure highlighted in green: Name the branches (4):
  13. 13Name the structure highlighted in green: Origin: Supplies:Pericardiophrenic artery
    Origin: Branch of internal thoracic artery.
    Supplies: Pericardium and central diaphragm.    Name the structure highlighted in green: Origin: Supplies:
  14. 14Name the structure highlighted in green: Origin: Supplies:Anterior intercostal arteries
    Origin: Branch of internal thoracic artery.
    Supplies: Upper 5 or 6 intercostal spaces (bone, muscle, subcutaneous tissue and skin).    Name the structure highlighted in green: Origin: Supplies:
  15. 15Name the structure highlighted in green: Origin: Supplies:Superior epigastric artery
    Origin: Branch of internal thoracic artery.
    Supplies: Rectus abdominis and diaphragm.    Name the structure highlighted in green: Origin: Supplies:
  16. 16Name the structure labelled 4: Origin: Supplies:Musculophrenic artery
    Origin: Internal thoracic artery
    Supplies: Intercostal spaces 8-9, inferior pericardium and diaphragm.    Name the structure labelled 4: Origin: Supplies:
  17. 17List the contents of the middle mediastinum:1. Pericardium
    2. Heart
    3. Roots of great vessels
    4. Aorta
    5. SVC
    6. IVC
    7. Pulmonary trunk
    8. Pulmonary vein
    9. Phrenic nerve
    10. Visceral nerve
    11. Pericardiophrenic artery and vein    List the contents of the middle mediastinum:
  18. 18Name the structure highlighted in green: Describe the layers:Pericardium
    A fibrous sac around the heart and the roots of the great vessels
    3 layers, from outside-inside:
    1. Fibrous pericardium: outer tough sac continuous with the adventitia of the great vessels.
    2. Parietal pericardium.
    3. Visceral pericardium.
    In between the parietal and visceral pericardium is the pericardial cavity which is filled with serous fluid produced by the parietal and visceral pericardia, serving to lubricate the movements of the heart.    Name the structure highlighted in green: Describe the layers:Name the structure highlighted in green: Describe the layers:
  19. 19Describe why an ascending aortic aneurysm results in pericardial effusion:The fibrous pericardium is continuous with the adventitia of the roots of the great vessels. As such, an ascending aortic aneurysm can extend backwards to this junction and form an intimal flap (between the intima and media of the vessel equivalent to between the fibrous and parietal pericardium) causing blood to then enter between the fibrous and parietal pericardium resulting in effusion.Describe why an ascending aortic aneurysm results in pericardial effusion:
  20. 20Describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply to the heart:Sympathetic: Middle and inferior sympathetic cervical ganglia.
    Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve, which forms two plexuses; the superficial cardiac plexus which is under the arch of the aorta, and the deep cardiac plexus anterior the bifurcation of the aorta.    Describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply to the heart:Describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply to the heart:
  21. 21Describe the blood and nerve supply to the heart and pericardium:The heart and visceral pericardium: Supplied by the coronary arteries and veins, innervated by the cardiac plexus (plexus of vagal (PNS) and sympathetic nerves).
    Parietal and fibrous pericardium: Supplied by the internal thoracic artery and vein branches (pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic (inferior part of pericardium)) and innervated by phrenic nerves.    Describe the blood and nerve supply to the heart and pericardium:
  22. 22Name the 3 divisions of the superior mediastinum:Like the inferior mediastinum, the superior mediastinum can be divided into Anterior, middle and inferior subdivisions, but these aren't as well recognized as the inferior mediastinum subdivisions.Name the 3 divisions of the superior mediastinum:
  23. 23Describe the contents of the anterior subdivision of the superior mediastinum:1. Thymus; a lymphoid organ large in adults but atrophies as we age with residual T cell lymphopoiesis.
    2. Internal thoracic artery and vein.
    3. Superior vena cava and the left and right brachiocephalic veins.
  24. 24Name 1, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9.The structure we use for reference is the left brachiocephalic vein labelled 4. This is the only structure which runs horizontally in a transverse CT scan. Lying behind the left brachiocephalic from right to left is the right brachiocephalic artery labelled 3, left common carotid artery labelled 7 and left subclavian artery labelled 8. 1 is the trachea and posterior is the esophagus labelled 9.Name 1, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9.
  25. 25Describe the contents of the middle subdivision of the superior mediastinum:1. Aortic arc and its branches:
    2. Brachiocephalic artery.
    3. Left common carotid artery.
    4. Left subclavian artery.
    5. Pulmonary trunk and arteries.
    6. Vagal nerve and plexuses:
    7. Superficial and deep cardiac plexuses.
    8. Pulmonary plexus.
    9. Left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves.
    10. Ligamentum arteriosum under which the left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes.
    11. Phrenic nerve.    Describe the contents of the middle subdivision of the superior mediastinum:
  26. 26Describe the contents of the posterior subdivision of the superior mediastinum:1. Recurrent laryngeal nerves left and right.
    2. Trachea.
    3. Structures which also traverse the posterior subdivision of the inferior mediastinum e.g esophagus, thoracic duct etc
  27. 27Name the structure:Anterior pulmonary plexus; an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk.
    It innervates the bronchial tree and the visceral pleura. According to the relation of nerves to the root of the lung, the pulmonary plexus is divided into the anterior pulmonary plexus, which lies in front of the lung and the posterior pulmonary plexus, which lies behind the lung.    Name the structure:
  28. 28Labelled adjacent is the Aortopulmonary window. State the superior, inferior, medial and lateral borders: State the contents:Superior: Aortic arch
    Inferior: Left pulmonary artery
    Anterior: Ascending aorta
    Posterior: Descending aorta
    Medial: Trachea, esophagus and left main bronchus
    Lateral: Left Lung
    Contents: Left vagus nerve, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, left phrenic nerve, left bronchial artery, ligamentum arteriosum, left hilar and carinal (inferior bronchotracheal) lymph nodes.    Labelled adjacent is the Aortopulmonary window. State the superior, inferior, medial and lateral borders: State the contents:Labelled adjacent is the Aortopulmonary window. State the superior, inferior, medial and lateral borders: State the contents:
  29. 29Describe the course of the esophagus: State the location of the 3 narrowings of the esophagus (give vertebra levels):Course: The esophagus drifts to the left as it descends. It travels posterior to the trachea, oblique sinus of the heart and left atrium.
    Narrowings:
    1. By the cricoid cartilage (C6).
    2. Aortic arch and left main bronchus (T4/5).
    3. Esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm (T10). (Picture is wrong about T11).    Describe the course of the esophagus: State the location of the 3 narrowings of the esophagus (give vertebra levels):
  30. 30Name the nine lymphatic trunks and the areas they drain:1. Right and left jugular: drain head and neck
    2. Right and left subclavian: Drain upper limbs
    3. Right and left bronchomediastinal: Drain thoracic cavity
    4. Right and left lumbar: Drain abdomen and lower limbs
    5. Intestinal trunk: Drains abdomen
    4 pairs and 1 single=9    Name the nine lymphatic trunks and the areas they drain:
  31. 31Name the structure: State which lymphatic trunks drain into it:Right lymphatic duct
    Drains the upper right of the body (1/4 of the body) via the right jugular, right subclavian and right bronchomediastinal trunks.    Name the structure: State which lymphatic trunks drain into it:Name the structure: State which lymphatic trunks drain into it:
  32. 32Name the highlighted structure: State which trunks drain into it: State which structure it is a continuation of: Describe the course:Thoracic duct
    Drains 3/4 of the body via the left jugular trunk, left subclavian, left bronchomediastinal, left and right lumbar and intestinal trunks.
    Origin: The thoracic duct is a continuation of the cisterna chyli, which is formed by the union of the intestinal and right and left lumbar trunks.
    Course: Travels from the cisterna chyli posterior to the esophagus and anterior to the vertebral column ascending to drain into the left jugular angle.    Name the highlighted structure: State which trunks drain into it: State which structure it is a continuation of: Describe the course:Name the highlighted structure: State which trunks drain into it: State which structure it is a continuation of: Describe the course:
  33. 33Name the structure: Origin: Course:Cisterna chyli
    Origin: Combination of the right and left lumbar trunks with the intestinal trunk.
    Course: Continues as the thoracic duct.    Name the structure: Origin: Course:Name the structure: Origin: Course:
  34. 34Name the structure highlighted in green: Where does it lie in relation to parietal pleura: Name some important nerves/plexuses formed:Sympathetic chain
    Relation: Lies posterior to the parietal pleura
    Plexuses:
    Middle and inferior ganglion contribute to the cardiac plexus along with branches from the vagus nerve.
    Has pulmonary branches contributing to the pulmonary plexus along with the vagus nerve carrying PNS branches.
    Branches to form the thoracic aorta plexus.
    Greater, lesser, least, lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves forming the prevertebral and visceral plexuses.    Name the structure highlighted in green: Where does it lie in relation to parietal pleura: Name some important nerves/plexuses formed:Name the structure highlighted in green: Where does it lie in relation to parietal pleura: Name some important nerves/plexuses formed:
  35. 35Name: Origin: End: Visceral branches: Parietal branches:Thoracic aorta
    Origin: T4 level from the end of the descending aorta/aortic arch.
    End: T12, when it pierces the diaphragm to become the abdominal aorta.
    Visceral branches: Bronchial arteries (right, superior and inferior left) and esophageal arteries.
    Parietal branches: Posterior intercostal arteries.    Name: Origin: End: Visceral branches: Parietal branches:Name: Origin: End: Visceral branches: Parietal branches:

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Description
RCA Thoracic cavity
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medicineanatomyclinical
History
  • Created by Ashutosh Kumar · Sep 17, 2016
  • Copied by Binura Wijesinghe · Sep 18, 2016
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