Flashcards
Neural Induction 1
Cards in this deck (39)
- 1What is the animal and vegetal half responsible for?Animal - neural (ectodermal)
Vegetal - endoderm tissue - 2What is the mesoderm tissue responsible for?Bone and tissue
- 3What does the formation of mesoderm rely on?The interaction of animal and vegetal halves
- 4What happens if animal half ('cap') is isolated from the vegetal half?No mesoderm develpos
- 5What is the dorsal lip 'organiser' responsible for?neural inducer of entire body axis
- 6Several factors were added to animal cap what happened to it?developed into neural tissue as well as mesoderm
- 7The 'organiser' is made from mesoderm what problem does this pose when determining if factors are applied to animal cap?not clear wether:
1) exogenous factors induced the neural tissue in the animal cap
2) factors induced organiser, which produced neural tussle - 8What can't UV-irradiated frogs do?cannot grow dorsal axis (incl NS)and instead develop ventral structures
- 9What happens when a dorsal blastopore lip is transplanted to an embryo that has been uv-irradiated?restores normal body axis
- 10What happens when an UV-irradiated frog is injected with mRNA from a hyperdorsalized embryo?restores normal body axis
- 11How did Harland find Noggin?Pools of cDNA isolated from organiser region to treat UV-irradiated frogs
Divided pools into smaller and smaller pools
Isolated a cDNA that coded for protein - Noggin - 12What can Noggin do?Noggin produces neural genes without mesodermal genes being produced
- 13When is noggin expressed?in gastrulating embryos by the dorsal lip of blastopore, precisely where organiser activity is known
- 14What does injection of noggin mRNA into UV treated embryos do?resolve body axis
even hypodorsalize (big brains) - 15What did DeRobertis isolate?Chordin
- 16What happens when Chordin is over expressed?2nd axis produced in ventral part of embryo
- 17Are Chrodin and Noggin linked?YES
- 18What was Follistatin known for?regulator in reproductive system (binding and inhibiting activin)
- 19What is activin?member of TGF beta family of proteins that control FSH secretion from pituitary gland
- 20How was Maeno able to study activin action on mesoderm induction?truncated activin receptor that when mis-expressed would interfere with normal endogenous signalling
- 21What happened when experimenters interfered with activin signalling?disrupted mesoderm development and induced animal cap neurones
- 22Does the Spemann organiser secrete factors that antagonise neural tissue development?YES
ACTIVIN - 23Is the neural tissue a default state of the ectoderm?YES
Inhibited by activin like TGF proteins - 24What happens when the animal cap is dissociated just before the neural induction?most of the cells differentiating as neurons
- 25Can Follistatin act a neural inducer (Melton)?Yes
1) cause a secondary axis when misexpressed
2) recombinant Follistatin could induce neural tissue from animal caps - 26What happens when vegetal or animal caps are disassociated? (picture)
- 27Indirect neural induction vs Direct neural induction?
- 28How was Noggin identified?
- 29How was Follistatin observed?
- 30What happens when cap is dissociated and cultured?
- 31What is the default hypothesis?
- 32How do the neural inducers work?
- 33What is primary neurolation?Latter edges of the neural plate roll up and join dorsally
- 34What is primary neurolation? (picture)
- 35How is the neural plate produced? With notochord and neural crest?
- 36What is secondary neurolation?
- 37What does DLB stand for?Dorsal lip of blastopore
- 38What happens when BMP 4 is added to isolated animal cap of blastopore before gastrulation?Cells do not become neurones
- 39How do these three neuroinducers work?Chordin binds BMP 4 with high affinity
Noggin binds BMP 4 with higher affinity
Follistatin binds BMP7 and activin
Blocks anti-neuralising effects of BMP 4
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- Undergraduate Development of the Nervous System (Neural Induction) Flashcards on Neural Induction 1, created by Thomas Welford on 20/03/2014.
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