66439
Description
Flashcards by silvertip83, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by silvertip83
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| passionate love | a state of intense longing for one another |
| What are loves 3 components? | 1.) passion 2.) intimacy 3.) commitment |
| 3 additional qualities of love | 1.) mutual understanding 2.) giving and receiving support 3.) enjoy each other company |
| What is a secure base in a romantic relationship? | it's something you can always fall back on |
| Why should you ride rollercoasters with your girlfriend? | because intense moments act as bonding experiences between two people |
| Who falls in love more quickly? Who falls out of love slower | Males/females |
| companionate love | the affection we feel for those w/ whom our lives are deeply intertwined |
| How is love like a drug? | at first there is a big high, w/ repitition tolerance is buitl, stopping it triggers a sense of withdrawal |
| How could the cooling off of passionate love be natural and adaptive? | Way to focus on offspring |
| How does someone with a secure attachment to his partner behave in a romantic relationship? | they are secure and don't worry about abandonment |
| preoccupied attachment | less trusting, possessive, jealous, impatient |
| dissmissive attachment | less invested in relationship, cold, more suited for one night stands |
| why do we help according to the social exchange theory? | all human interactions are done to maximize rewards and minimize costs. we help to gain rewards |
| when do we help according to the social exchange theory? | when we can gain a reward |
| 2 possible external rewards for helping? | 1.) money 2.) appreciation |
| 2 internal awards for helping | 1.) self worth 2.) relief from negative feelings |
| Why would it benefit me to have a mirror in the room when I am asking for donations? | people are more likely to donate when they see themselves doing it. |
| Why would it be beneficial to have someone break something or lie before donating? | to make them feel better about themselves and get rid of the negative emotions |
| 2 costs of helping | 1.) money 2.) time |
| If I help because I feel I owe you, what norm is affecting my behavior? | reciprocity norm |
| How may being helped make someone feel bad about themselves? | because we know we can't reciprocate the help |
| What norm do you follow if you feel you need to help those who need help | social responsibility norm |
| what is the catch in individualistic cultures? | We are responsible for helping those in need so long as the problem is not their fault. |
| How is helping behavior in individualistic cultures closely tied to attributions? | it ties to theories about why people are in need of help |
| Who is more likely to help, men or women? | men |
| what circumstances are men more likely to help than women? | ones that require heroism |
| In what circumstances are women most likely to help than men | ones that require nurturing |
| Who is most likely to seek and receive help? Why? | women.. mating motives and perception of competence |
| helping from an evolutionary response almost doesn't make sense.. why? | we should be selfish |
| helping behavior makes sense for 2 reasons..what are they? | 1.) promotes our genes 2.) kin protection 3.) reciprocity |
| Why are we more likely to help those who are similar to us? | they could be related to us |
| why do parents often make huge sacrifices for their children? | because they want to help their kin and see them be successful it also is a way of gene promotion |
| why would you help your brother in a time of need more than your cousin | because you have a closer relation to your brother |
| Why would I give my life to save your child? | Because you would expect the other peson to do the same |
| Why is helping behavior most likely in small schools, towns, churches, etc? | because everyone is tight knit and would expect the same from each other |
| What is the bystander effect? | our tendency to be less likely to help when others are around |
| 3 reasons why bystander effect occurs | 1.) less likely to notice emergency 2.) less likely to interpret situation as emergency 3.) feel less responsible |
| describe darley and batson good samaritan study | tested to see if seminary students would help someone on the street while on their way to give a speech on the good samaritan |
| Would you be most likely to help an older black man wearing jeans and a tshirt or a middle aged white woman wearing a business suit? | woman because of similarities |
| jenna or chelsea? | jenna because you are more inclined to help someone with the same first letter of your name |
| altruism | completely unselfish helping |
| empathy? | understanding of anothers feelings |
| does altruism actually exist? | no because you are still alleviating my sufferring |
| mere exposure effect? | tendency to like things better after repeated exposure |
| How can mere exposure facilitate friendships? | The more we experience it the more we like it |
| What is the matching phenomenon? | the tendency for people to choose as partners those whose attractiveness roughly matches their own. |
| How does the matching phenomenon facilitate healthy friendships? | it allows for upward social comparison |
| How do you explain a really attractive person with someone average looking? | The less attractive person often has compensating qualities like wealth |
| Do birds of a feather flock together? | yes |
| Why is it true that likeness produces liking? | because it provides validation |
| What effect did her mimicking their body language have? | it made them like her more initially because she is similar |
| What is false consensus bias? | assume that others share our attitudes |
| Why do straight men often dislike gay men while straight women do not? | because straight women are more like the gay men than straight men are |
| What is attitude alignment? | attitudes shift toward one another |
| What are the certain conditions under which we are likely to like someone that expresses a liking for us | 1.) extent of flattery 2.) hungry for social approval 3.) always liked us? |
| define affiliation motive | a desire to connect w/ others |
| ostracism | social isolation / rejection |
| 2 ways ostracism can be used as punishment | time out, silent treatment |
| How can chronic ostracism lead to violence? | people become to painfully alone they they get violent |
| What is the proximity effect? | you are more likely to be attracted to people with whom you have repeated contact |
| How does proximity facilitate friendships | it enables interaction which enables the discovery of similarities which makes people friends. |
| Where are the neural systems in the brain that facilitate aggression? | amygdala |
| What are 2 ways that genetics contribute to aggressiveness? | 1.) you can inherit a short temper 2.) temperaments are inherited |
| What part of the brain is 14% less active than normal in the brains of serial killers? | prefrontal cortex |
| 3 biochemical influences on aggressiveness? | 1.) alcohol 2.) testosterone 3.) low levels of serotonin |
| What does the original frustration aggression hypothesis state? | aggression is an automatic response when goals are blocked |
| We sometimes engage in something other than retaliation, what is it? | displacement |
| What is displacement? | when you put your aggression on someone or something |
| 2 problems with the original frustration-aggression hypothesis? | 1.) frustration does not always lead to aggression 2.) It doesn't do a good job explaining instrumental aggression |
| What does the revised frustration-aggression hypothesis state? | frustration only linked to emotional aggression. It does not always lead to aggression |
| How can aggression be learned through operant conditioning? | when people witness other people being rewarded for their aggression |
| Name 2 rewards of aggression | 1.) intimidation 2.) hero status |
| describe Bandura Bobo Doll study | physically aggressive people tended to have parents who used physical punishment and it also occurred in cultures where aggressive people are admired. |
| Briefly explain how aggressiveness does not have to be inherited genetically | It can be taught or learned by peers and through cultural sources |
| What did Azrin discover about aggression and pain? | found that as soon as they felt pain they attacked |
| Describe Berkowitz study | he had college students hold on hand in either lukewarm or painfully cold water. Found that the cold water made the students more irritable and willing to blast another with a loud noise. |
| What effect could global warming have on aggression? | The hotter the world gets the more aggressive people would become |
| Explain the schachter 2 factor theory of emotion | before we experience an emotion, we are physically aroused and then we cognitively label it |
| Describe one study conducted by Shachter, supporting his theory of emotion. | he injected college males with adrenaline and put them in rooms with 2 actors. The ones with the aggressive one became aggressive |
| Being physically aroused can intensify aggression. Give an example | guys fought who just got done working out |
| Define Prejudice | a negative attitude towards a group & it's members. |
| Define discrimination | unjustified negative behavior toward a group and its members |
| What is institutional discrimination? | discrimination that is built into the system |
| What kind of discrimination can come from a source other than prejudice? | A natural form of prejudice can be formed from sterotypes |
| What are stereotypes? | schemas of members of a particular group |
| How can stereotypes support or perpetuate prejudices? | they shape how we perceive things naturally |
| How can stereotypes actually help us in certain social situations? | It is natural to categorize, so if it's positive, it will lead you to be lead to positive beliefs |
| What does it mean to say that some prejudices are implicit? | they are subconscious prejudices |
| which tend to last longer, explicit or implicit prejudices? | Implicit linger longer |
| Explain the Clark & Clark study on racist attitudes in children. | Little girls were shown black and white dolls. The white doll was found to be the clean one. The black girl also chose the white doll as clean too. |
| What is modern racism? | it is the unspoken racism that still exists but people do not talk about it. |
| What is benevolent sexism? | the belief that women are weak & fragile & need to be protected. |
| Distinguish between stereotypes & prejudices | stereotypes are different perceptions while prejudice is a negative attitude |
| 2 examples of subtle gender discrimination | 1.) opening doors for women 2.) putting your coat over a puddle |
| 2 social sources of prejudice | 1.) news media 2.) friends |
| How do social inequalities contribute to prejudice? | The unequal status breeds prejudice |
| What does it mean to say that someone is high in social dominance orientation? | They are highly motivated to see their group dominate and like social structures that have hierarchies |
| How do high social dominance orientation people view their social world? | They want to be on top and like hierarchies |
| How can socialization contribute to prejudice? | families and cultures pass on prejudice |
| How does porn contribute to aggression? | it distorts perception of sexual reality |
| What does it mean to say that someone is ethnocentric? | they believe in the superiority of their culture |
| What does the correlation of porn watched and acceptance of the rape myth mean? | it means that men who watch porn are more likely to believe that women welcome sexual assault |
| What does it mean to say that someone is ethnocentric? | they believe in the superiority of their culture |
| What does it mean to say that someone has an authoritarian personality? | they favor obedience to authority and intolerance to out groups and are often insecure |
| What % of popular tv programs contain violence? | 50% |
| Explain how prejudice can arise from a need for acceptance... | people on the outside of a group will often ostricize people who aren't in the group in an attempt to fit in and be accepted by the guy. |
| Does viewing violence increase violence? | No...blah blah defense |
| 2 motivational sources of prejudice | 1.) scapegoating 2.)competition |
| Name 2 ways media violence increases violent behavior | 1.) desensitization 2.) social scripts |
| What is scapegoating? | blame a social group for hardships |
| define desensitization | you become less sensitive to something/less affected by it |
| How is prejudice displaced agression when referring to scapegoating? | the frustration of someones life manifests as hatred towards one group |
| What does the realistic group conflict theory state? | inter group conflicts emerge out of competition for limited resources |
| Describe the sherif study | 11 yr old boys at summer camp got so agression toward one another that they had to force them to work together in order to get them to stop being aggressive. |
| define social scripts | social instructions for how to act in social situations |
| How did sherif resolve the issues with the boys? | He forced them to work together |
| What is the ingroup bias? | tendency to favor ones own group |
| How does media violence influences us via social scripts? | it instructs us on how to act in different situations |
| The ingroup bias is the result of 2 natural tendencies. What are they? | 1.) US vs Them mentality 2.) want our groups to prosper |
| Why is prejudice often greater among those of low status? | because they try harder to be in a higher status |
| What are peripheral group members? | those who are on the outskirts of the group - not core members |
| Why is prejudice toward outgroup members often greatest among peripheral group members? | Because those members are trying really hard to be in that group |
| Describe why everyone has some form of prejudice. | Because we are born into a world fueled by prejudice. We also have it built into our subconcious for survival |
| Define agression | physical or verbal behavior intended to harm another |
| How is agression different from anger? | agression is driven by anger performed as an end itself. |
| difference between hostile agression & and instrumental agression. | hostile agression is driven by anger and instrumental is done to get something |
| why does data suggest that the death penalty does not reduce homicides? | because people who commit murder do not care about dying. They are already past that point |
| difference between direct and indirect aggression | direct = in your face indirect = behind your back |
| Which gender is direct more common? and indirect? | direct = men indirect = women |
| the theory of instinctive aggression fails to account for what variations in aggression? | cultural differences |
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