6689633
| Question | Answer |
| five main strategies to alleviate depression and anxiety? | Physical exercise nutrition structured daily activities education (about what it is and what is happening to you) Social involvement |
| Other training strategies? | Assertiveness training Relaxation or meditation time management training |
| Strategies for building resilience? | 1. make connections (family, friends, social) 2. Avoid seeing crises as insurmountable problems (look beyond present) 3.accept that change is a part of life (and circumstances that cannot be changed) 4.move towards realistic achievable goals 5.take decisive actions (do not detach from problems) 6.look for opportunities for self discovery (grow as a result of tragedy) 7. Nurture a positive (trust instincts) 8. Keep things in perspective 9. maintaining hopeful outlook (optimism) 10.take care of yourself (engage in enjoyable activities, exercise) |
| What is resilience? | the process of adapting well in the face of adversity , trauma, tragedy, or significant sources of stress. bouncing back from difficult experiences |
| can resilience be learned? | yes resilience involves behaviors thoughts and actions that can be learned and developed in anyone. it's not soemthing you are born with |
| risk factors (inherent) | unemployment low family income violence in the family lack of love and affection low intelligence poor peer relations harsh or inconsistent discipline alienation or early school leaving drug or alcohol abuse pessimistic personality |
| protective factors (inherent) | affectionate and valuing family environment non violent and cohesive school environment sense of self-worth and social cohesiveness beliefs in your ability experiences of achievement being in control of life circumstances belonging to a positive peer group active social life positive role model or mentor easy temperament optimism family harmony school achievement economic security empathy |
| what is an anxiety disorder? | fear and anxiety are normal emotions, it is only a disorder if levels of worry and fear is beyond normal and beyond individuals control |
| 6 main anxiety disorders? | -generalised anxiety disorder -panic disorder -post-traumatic stress disorder -Social anxiety disorder -specific phobias -obessive compulsive disorder |
| Describe General anxiety disorder | difficult to diagnose because symptoms are not obvious. Symptoms include: restlessness/edginess fatigue or disturbed sleep impaired concentration irritability muscle tension sweating nausea cold clammy hands difficulty swallowing gastrointestinal discomfort or diarrhoea |
| treatments for GAD | Psychotherapy, which involves Informing and educating the sufferer about General Anxiety Disorder Relaxation and slow breathing training Cognitive therapy and exposure therapy Hypnosis (occasionally) Prescribed drugs |
| Describe panic disorder | Some people with panic disorder experience recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. Others find that their attacks almost always occur when confronting or anticipating particular things/events. Attacks strike suddenly and can last up to 10 mins. Symptoms Include: *Palpitations and sweating *Feeling detached from oneself *Fear of losing control or dying *Trembling or Shaking *Shortness of breath *Chills or Hot flushes *Choking sensations *Nausea and dizziness *Chest pain or Discomfort *Numbness or Tingling |
| treatments for panic disorder | Treatments include: · Psychotherapy Prescribed drugs |
| describe specific phobias | Specific Phobias strike more than 1 in 10 people, and is a little more common in women. They can stem from a personal experience and tend to run in families. Symptoms Include: *Exposure to the feared object provokes an anxiety reaction *The anxiety and discomfort is out of proportion to the real threat of the feared object *Sweating *Poor motor control *Rapid heart rate *The person comes to avoid situations in which contact with the feared object may occur *The person may feel weak or cowardly and lose self-esteem when avoiding the object of the phobia |
| treatments for specific phobias | reatments Include: Psychotherapy, which includesProgress desensitisation and assertiveness training Prescribed drugs – imipramine, clomipramine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium) or diazepam (Valium) - used in conjunction with psychotherapy. |
| general tretments | Cognitive behaviour therapy- helps clients understand how their thinking and therefore symptoms escalate out of control. they are then taught to challenge their unhelpful thinking and control their symptoms.clients are taught to slow breathing down medication-prescribed medications like sedatives help them relax. need to be careful with long term use as they can become addictive Systematic desensitisation- for phobias. gradually exposing a person to their phobias through a hierarchy of their fears based on theory of classical conditioning |
| describe depression | Characterised by a disturbance of mood – producing either manic (elated and overactive) or depressive behaviour Depressed mood most of the day, insomnia, reduced pleasure in normal activities, weight loss or weight gain, lack of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt feelings, inability to make decisions, thoughts of death or suicide. |
| causes of depression | recent events, e,g life stressors such as family conflict, interpersonal conflict, recent losses and disappointments, drugs and alcohol + personal factors past bad experiences personality high anxiety'chemical changes family (inherited) disposition + medical factors low thyroid function, brain injuries, some forms of cancer, infectious diseases, hormonal treatments, chronic pain + high risk personality lifelong worrier, perfectionist, sensitive to personal criticism, unassertive, self-critical and negative, shy socially anxious and low self esteem |
| what systems does depression effect? | central nervous system, gastro intestinal system, sleep-wake cycle, hormonal system, stress response system, immune system |
| t/f different treatments affect people differently and target diferent | anti-depressant drugs- physical symptoms of depressive illness cognitive therapy- negative thoughts interpersonal therapy- negative feelings |
| treatments for depression | cognitive behaviour therapy - teaching people to restructure their way of thinking, identify irrational thoughts and changing them into rational thoughts to reduce negative views of themselves Planning activities-clients are formally assisted with scheduling activities back in their lives medication- antidepressants drug sare often required to aid brain function assertiveness training- assertiveness is something that can be learned. some people become depressed due to inability to communicate without being dominated by others. the person is encouraged to practice assertive communication until its automatic coping strategies- exercise, structured daily activity, education, social involvement, nutrition |
| depression causes factors 4 levels of explanation | Bio- imbalance of neurotransmitters basic processes-depressive thinking styles person-vulnerability of different personalities, genders, age groups sociocultural- cultural differences, family, friends influence |
| anxiety causes 4 levels of explanation | Bio- imbalance of hormones (especially cortisol), after trauma (PTSD) people have been shown to have higher heart rates, significantly aroused when reminded of trauma basic processes-fearful of repeat of traumatic event, overestimate probability of negative events occuring person-women and people with lower IQs more vulnerable. those who interpret harm as permanent sociocultural-pressure from family, degree of support |
| resilience 4 levels of explanation | bio-The relevant aspects of good health are physiological and neurochemical stability. Maintaining lower arousal / stress levels when faced with adversity. Indicators are blood pressure, heart rate, fitness, amount of sleep and exercise as well as neurotransmitter balance. basic processes-Research shows that cognitive aspects are extremely important to resilience. Thoughts and beliefs are more positive and enduring self-efficacy; the belief that one can have a desired impact on his world personal- An introvert is less likely to be involved in risky behaviour therefore is passively protected. Temperament can be a factor – can make connections with close people difficult. Stable and Impulse control characteristics such as calm, even tempered, showing empathy and well socialised. sociocultural- Social support is a significant protective factor (enhances resilience) – the more that can be accessed in family and community the better. The individual shows greater interpersonal awareness, is self-reflective and maintains positive peer relationships. |
| biological treatments | A psychologist will be able to suggest CBT where they exercise which causes the release of endorphins to be released, leaving client relaxed, calm and optimistic yoga relaxes biological rhythms like heart rate and cause serotonin to be released to balance cortisol eat better food as excessive levels of caffein in coffee and red bull are stimulants and bad for already stressed people drinking camomille tea can lower levels of cortisol and relieve stress |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.