669048
Description
Flashcards by Olivia Farrow, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Olivia Farrow
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is cracking? | A chemical process that converts large hydrocarbons into smaller more useful hydrocarbon molecules. |
| Name several problems which can occur whilst exploiting crude oil. | .Oil slicks on the surface of the sea which can damage beaches . Damages birds feathers stopping them flying |
| What property of hydrocarbons lets fractional distillation of crude oil work? | The hydrocarbons have different length chains and therefore different boiling points. |
| What is a fuel? | A substance that reacts with oxygen to release useful energy - mostly heat energy |
| What is the general word equation for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? | Hydrocarbon + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water |
| What is there a shortage of in 'incomplete combustion'? | Air |
| What is the general word equation for the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon? | Hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon monoxide + carbon + water (carbon forms small black particles called soot) |
| What percentage of the Earths gas is nitrogen? | 78% |
| According to some scientists theories, how was the ocean created? | Volcanoes erupted creating huge volumes of gas. The water vapour condensed to form the ocean. |
| What process, used by plants, helped to increase the level of oxygen in the atmosphere until todays level? | Photosynthesis |
| What percentage of the worlds atmosphere is carbon dioxide? | 0.035% |
| Name three factors that increase carbon dioxide levels. | .Human population increase .Deforestation .Use of fossil fuels |
| What is the name given to the object that is fitted to a vehicle exhaust system to convert CO into CO2? | Catalytic converters |
| How is NOx made? | The high temperature and pressure inside an engine causes nitrogen and oxygen to react. |
| What is the chemical formula for methane? | CH4 |
| What is the difference between alkenes and alkanes? | Alkenes are unsaturated, and have a double covalent bond. Alkanes are saturated and have all single bonds. |
| Which family of hydrocarbons decolourises bromine water, alkanes or alkenes? | Alkenes |
| How are polymers made? | When smaller molecules, monomers, join together. Eg. Poly(ethene) - polymer made from ethene monomers |
| What is the reaction called when monomers join up to make polymers? | Polymerisation |
| What conditions are needed for polymerisation to happen? | High pressure and a catalyst. |
| What happens during addition polymerisation? | Unsaturated monomer molecules react to form a saturated polymer molecule |
| What does 'non-biodegradable' mean? | A substance cannot be decomposed by bacterial action |
| What is the name given to the process when protein is cooked and the molecules change shape? | Denaturing |
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