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Description
Flashcards by Alan Manjali, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alan Manjali
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Description of the Plasma Membrane | Found on the surface of animal cells and inside cell wall of plant cells. Fluid mosaic model of phospholipid bi-layer |
| Function of the Plasma Membrane | Regulates movement of substances entering and leaving cell (diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport). Has receptor molecules which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones |
| Description of the Cell Wall | Rigid structure surrounding cell (NOT ANIMAL CELL). Made of cellulose in plant cells and chitin in fungi |
| Function of the Cell Wall | Supports plant cell |
| Description of the Nucleus | Organelle which controls activity of the cell. Surrounded by the nuclear envelope (double membrane containing pores). Inside the nucleus there is chromatin and nucleolus |
| Function of the Nuclues | Chromatin: Made from protein and DNA forming chromosomes (Controls activity of the cell) Nucleolus: Produces ribosomes Nuclear Envelope: Double membrane allowing things in (RNA) and out (Ribosomes) |
| Description of a Lysosome | Organelle containing digestive enzymes surrounded by membrane |
| Function of a Lysosome | Contains digestive enzymes which break down old organelles and invading cells. These can then be re-used by the cell |
| Description of a Ribosome | Organelle involved in protein synthesis. Composed of 2 sub units (Large sub unit and small sub unit). Found free in the cytoplasm or attached to RER |
| Function of a Ribosome | They produce proteins by joining amino acids by using mRNA from the nucleus in protein synthesis |
| Description of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Continuous network of cisternae and is attached to the nuclear envelope. Contains ribosomes |
| Function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Used for the transport, synthesis and export of proteins into the lumen. |
| Description of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Continous network of cisternae but contain no ribosomes like RER |
| Function of the Smooth Endoplamic Reticulum | Process and synthesis lipids and also steroids |
| Description of a Vesicle | Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a membrane found in the cytoplasm |
| Function of a vesicle | Responsible for the transport of substance in and out of the cell via the plasma membrane and also to other organelles inside the cell. Produced by the Golgi body or the ER |
| Description of the Golgi Body | Series of flattened sacs known as cisternae |
| Function of the Golgi Body | Process and package proteins and lipids for excretion. THEY ALSO PRODUCE LYSOSOMES |
| Description of a Mitochondrion | Double membrane. Inner membrane folded into cristae surrounded by the matrix |
| Function of a Mitochondrion | Site of AEROBIC respiration. Where ATP is produced |
| Description of the Chloroplast | Flattened structure surrounded by a double membrane. They contain membrane bound disc shaped structures which contain chlorophyll. They are arranged into stacks called grana (Singular: Granum). These are linked together by lamellae |
| Function of the Chloroplast | Site of photosynthesis. Happens in the grana or the stroma (fluid inside chloroplasts) |
| Description of the Centriole | Small, hollow cylinders containing a ring of micro tubules |
| Function of the Centriole | Involved in the separation of chromosomes in cell divisions |
| Description of the Cillia | Hair like structures found on the surface of the cell. It is a 9 + 2 arrangement of micro-tubules surrounded by a membrane |
| Function of the Cillia | Micro-tubules allow cilia to move which allows substances t be able to move across the surface of the cell |
| Description of the Flagellum | They stick out of the cell surface and is surrounded by the plasma membrane. Arrangement of 9 + 2 of micro-tubules |
| Function of the Flagellum | As micro-tubules the moving the flagellum which moves the cell. |
| What is the cytoskeleton? | A network of protein threads in the cytoplasm made up of micro-filaments (small solid strands) and micro-tubules (small protein cylinders) |
| 4 Main Functions of the Cytoskeleton | 1. Supports cells organelles keeping them in position 2. Strengths cell and helps maintains it shape. 3. Allows inter cellular movement of substances. Eg Chromosomes during cell division 4. Allows cell to move. Cilia and Flagellum are made of micro-tubules and are responsible for movement |
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