6832923
Description
Flashcards by Flora Wang, updated more than 1 year ago
|
|
Created by Flora Wang
about 9 years ago
|
|
| Question | Answer |
| Bones have two membranes, the ______________ and the ________________. | Periosteum; endosteum |
| The periosteum lines the _______ surface, and the endosteum lines the ____________ ____________. | Outer; Medullary cavity |
| The periosteum has two layers: the fibrous layer that contains ________ and the ________ layer that produces osteoblasts from progenitor cells. | fibroblasts; cambium |
| ___________ fibres connect the periosteum to the bone and they connected to the lamellae, which are the layers of bone. | Sharpey's fibres |
| The periosteum has nerve endings. True or false | True |
| What are the two types of bone development/ossification? | intramembranous and endochondral |
| Intramembranous development occurs in ________ bones that originate from mesenchymal stem cells. | flat |
| Intramembranous ossification begins with sheets of ____________ ____________ which contain osteoblasts. They secreate their matrix which later hardens and forms cancellous bone. | connective tissue |
| Endochondral ossification forms __________ bone from _________ cartilage. | compact; hyaline |
| (Endochondral ossification) The hyaline cartilage serves as a model for the shape bones need to be, but before ossification occurs, the ____________ must die. | chondrocytes (a cell that has secreted the matrix of cartilage and becomes embedded in it.) |
| (Endochondral ossification) As the blood vessels enter the cartilage, the chondrocytes begin their death in the _________. | diaphysis |
| (Endochondral ossification) As spongy bones begin to form, the _________ ____________ site is created. from this site, osteoblasts move to transform the cartilage to ________ bone. | primary ossification site; spongy bone |
| (Endochondral ossification) Afterwards, osteoclasts destroy some of the new spongy bone for the _________ __________. Cartilage remains at the epiphysis and continues to increase in length. | medullary cavity |
| After birth, ossification of the epiphysis at the ___________ ossification site begins, which is the same as in the diaphysis, expect the ______ bone is not broken down. | secondary ossification site; spongy bone |
| The small region that remains between the diaphysis and epiphysis is called the | epiphyseal plate |
| After early adulthood, bones cease to increase in length but do increase in ___________. | diameter |
| Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and ________ or ________ regulate bone growth. | testes or ovaries |
| Vertebrate bones are composed of a substance called ___________________, which is made of calcium phosphate. | hydroxyapatite |
| What are the three types of bone cells? | Osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes. |
| ____________ produce osteoid (a nonmineral matrix) that is eventually mineralized and harden to become bone. | Osteoblasts |
| Osteocytes are | mature bone cells that were once osteoblasts and are now trapped inside lacunae in the hardened bone. |
| Osteoclasts are | bone destroyers that play an essential function in bone resorption. |
| Lacunae are small cavity within the bone matrix, containing an ____________, and from which ________ radiate and penetrate the adjacent lamellae to the canaliculi of neighboring lacunae, thus forming a system of cavities interconnected by minute canals. | osteocyte; canaliculi |
| Canaliculi are small canals where extensions of __________ reach one another and are able to ____________________. | osteocytes; communicate |
| Haversian canals are tubes that allow _____________ ____________ and ___________ to pass through bone. | blood vessels and nerves |
| _____________ are large multinucleated cells, like macrophages, derived from the hematopoietis lineage. | osteoclasts |
| Osteoclasts are characterized by a _______ edge where active resorption takes place with the secretion of bone-resorbing enzymes. | ruffled |
| Our bone cells are responsible for bone ___________, ___________ and ___________. | production, maintenance and modeling. |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.