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Flashcards for chapter 14 ... PART 1&2

rachel dusek English 36 cards

Cards in this deck (36)

  1. 1ProbioticsDietary supplement that contain beneficial
    bacteria and yeasts.
  2. 2Normal FloraNormal microbiota in Hosts.
    Organisms that colonize the body's surfaces WITHOUT normally causing disease.
  3. 3PathogenDisease causing Microbe
  4. 4DiseaseIs an abnormal state in which the body does not function normally.
    "Homeostatic Imbalance"
  5. 5Infectious DiseaseDisease caused by a pathogen.
  6. 6Symbiosisliving together
  7. 7E. coli in our gut is an example of what symbiotic relationship?Mutualism.
    *We obtain vitamin K from bacteria
    *We provide bacteria with food
  8. 8CommensalismOne benefits while another is unaffected.
    Includes- many microbes that inhibit eyes, ears, and genitals
    *Bacteria benefit from secretions of dead cells; production
    *Host unaffected; no apparent advantage
  9. 9MutualismType of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.
  10. 10ParasitismIs a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism (parasite) benefits over the expense of another (host).
  11. 11Tuberculosis bacteria in the human lung would be an example of what type of symbiotic relationship?Parasitism
  12. 12Resident MicrobiotaSubcategory of normal flora in which remains part of a person throughout life (mostly commensalism)
  13. 13How does Resident Microbiota get established?Due to:
    competition from other microbes,
    elimination of body defense cells,
    chemical/physical changes in body
  14. 14Transient MicrobiotaSubcategory of normal flora in which
    remain in the body for a few hours, days, or months before disappearing.
  15. 15Distribution of normal flora throughout body is determined by1. Host Defenses
    2. Nutrients- secretions, body fluids, food in GI tract
    3. Physical/Chemical Factors- pH, O2, and Na+
    4. Mechanical Factors- chewing, flow of mucus, & urine. Muscle movements of throat, stomach, etc.
  16. 16Normal flora vary from person to person because of factors such as1.age
    2.stress
    3.climate
    4. health
    5.diet
    6.emotional stability
    7.occupation
  17. 17What are the 6 areas in which our normal flora are heavily concentrated?1. Urinary and Reproductive Systems
    2. Large Intestine
    3. Eyes (Conjunctiva)
    4. Nose, Throat (Upper Respiratory)
    5. Mouth
    6. Skin
  18. 18Microbial AntagonismThe inhibition of one bacterial organism by another.
    Through M.A. the normal flora provides some defense against disease causing organisms. *One will out compete the other*
    Thus, normal flora out compete potentially pathogenic bacteria--> protecting host
    However, some pathogenic bacteria will win and disease results.
  19. 19Opportunistic PathogenBacteria that normally cause a healthy host BUT under certain conditions provides opportunities for pathogens.
  20. 20List the 3 conditions which can lead to an infection by an opportunistic pathogen.1.Introduction of normal microbiota into unusual site of the body
    2. Immune Suppression
    3. Changes in Normal Microbiota
  21. 21Further expand on 1. Introduction of normal microbiota into unusual site in the bodyE.g. E. coli is typically non pathogenic when in Large Intestine
    Certain strains become pathogenic when entering Urethra---> urinary tract infection
  22. 22Further Expand on 2. Immune Suppression (6)Immune suppression can lead to infection by an opportunistic pathogen:
    -disease
    -malnutrition
    -extremes of age
    -chemotherapy
    -Immune suppressant Drugs
    -HIV
  23. 23Further Expand on 3. Changes in Normal MicrobiotaChanges in normal microbiota can lead to an infection by an opportunistic pathogen.
    e.g. Vaginitis resulting from the use of a broad spectrum antibiotic KILLING the
    resident Lactobacillus
  24. 24Reservoir of InfectionSites where pathogens are maintained as a Source of infection
  25. 25What are the 3 types of Reservoirs?1. Animal Reservoirs
    2. Human Carrier
    3. Nonliving Reservoirs
  26. 26Animal Reservoirswild, domestic animals
  27. 27Human Carrier**Most important:
    Can be noticeable with signs/symptoms
    AIDS, Tuberculosis, Syphilis
  28. 28Nonliving ReservoirsSoil, water, food can be reservoirs of infection.
    Presence of microorganisms often due to contamination by feces OR urine
  29. 29ZoonoseAre diseases that can be transmitted from animal -----> human
  30. 30How can Zoonose's be acquired?Direct contact with animal OR its wastes
    Eating animals
    Blood sucking arthropods
  31. 31What are some examples of Zoonose's?Swine, Rabies
  32. 32Contamination-Mere presence of microbes IN or ON body
    -Reach body thru "portals of entry"
    -Some remain residents becoming normal flora
    -others remain only for a short time>infection
  33. 33InfectionColonization of the body by pathogens OR presence of a microbe in a part of the body where it is not normally found
  34. 34Portal of EntrySites on body where pathogens enter
  35. 35What are the 5 portals of entry?1. Respiratory tract
    2. gastrointestinal tract
    3. genitourinary tract
    4. skin
    5. parental route
  36. 36Preferred Portal of EntryJust because a pathogen enters your body doesn't mean it's going to cause disease. An entry that is a prerequisite to their being able to cause disease.

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Flashcards on Flashcards for chapter 14 ... PART 1&2, created by rachel dusek on 31/10/2016.
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