Flashcards
Behaviour as a biological adaptation
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1Give an example of a harmful, abnormal social behaviour of pigs.Tail biting
- 2Give 4 main problems that tail biting causes.1. Pain, infection, cannibalism
2. Impaired growth, death, condemnation of carcass
3. Economic losses
4. Stress - 3What do we need to understand in order to be able to treat and prevent tail biting?Understand why pigs do it
- 4What can be used to answer a number of questions such as: why do pigs tail bite? Why do dogs develop separation anxiety?Behaviour is a fundamental aspect of understanding these
- 5What 3 things can be linked in a triangle regarding animals and the way they act?Animal behaviour
Animal health
Animal welfare - 6Give the 3 main reasons why knowledge of animal behaviour is important to vets.1. Identify housing and husbandry practices likely to lead to health and welfare problems
2. Spot abnormal or problematic behaviour that indicates health and welfare problems
3. Give first opinion on companion animal behaviour problems - 7What do vets need a basic understanding of to be able to identify housing and husbandry practices that lead to health and welfare problems?1. Evolutionary origins of behaviour of domestic animals
2. How behaviour is motivated and controlled
3. Social organisation
4. Learning abilities - 8What do vets need a basic understanding of to be able to identify abnormal or problematic behaviour that indicates health and welfare problems?1. What is normal and abnormal behaviour
2. How disease cause behavioural changes
3. General and species-specific behaviours that reliably indicate discomfort, stress, disease, pain - 9What do vets need a basic understanding of to be able to provide first opinion on behaviour problems?1. What is normal and abnormal behaviour
2. How learning theory is used to train animals and treat behaviour problems - 10What is behaviour of an animal part of?Its phenotype
- 11What is Tinbergen's scientific framework for studying behaviour based on?1. Mechanism - causation
2. Function- survival value
3. Evolution
4. Development - ontogeny - 12What are Tinbergen's four questions usually slight into?Two broader groups:
Proximate
Ultimate - 13What is meant by proximate?Development and mechanism- how is the behaviour achieved in the animal
- 14What is meant by ultimate?Function and evolutionary history- what is the behaviour for? what has been its advantage; its history?
- 15Why is it important to know any differences that may appear in a group of animals with association with behaviour?Can use the differences to work out whether the behaviour is proximate or ultimate
- 16What does the term adaption mean?Are changes in an animal brought about during evolution by process of natural selection
- 17What does natural selection cause?Changes in gene frequencies and associated phenotypic traits over time
- 18What are alleles?When a gene within a population is present in two or more forms
- 19What happens when any allele that results in more surviving copies of itself than its alternative?Will eventually replace the alternative form in the population - dominant allele
- 20Give 3 reasons why behaviour is adaptive.1. Selection pressures act on changes in traits
2. Adaptations (adaptive changes) will be selected for
3. Deleterious changes will be selected against - 21Due to behaviours being phenotypic traits, give 2 things to support this.1. Behaviours have variations
2. Behaviours can have positive or negative influence on survival value and fitness - 22Give 3 examples of wild animal behaviours that can be adaptive even in human environment.1. Maternal behaviours
2. Exploration
3. Social learning - 23Give 3 examples of wild animal behaviours that are non adaptive in human environments.1. Navigation
2. Exploration
3. Locomotion - 24What is the cycle to show that behaviour is a biological adaptation?Environment and genes ----> behavioural action ----> immediate outcome ----> fitness ----> genes
- 25How do genes affect behaviour?Via proteins
- 26How does the DNA sequence become a protein?DNA sequence
mRNA sequence
amino acid sequence
protein - 27Give 6 examples of proteins that can affect behaviour.1. Peptide hormones that act as neurotransmitters
2. Steroid hormone receptors that allow responses to hormones
3. Pigments that affect perception
4. Neuronal growth factors that affect nerve development
5. Transcription factors that bind to DNA and can affect the transcription of other genes - 28What has happened in terms of behaviour in domestic species?Domestication as evolution - artificial selection has replaced natural selection
- 29Give 3 desirable characteristics that are being selected for in domestic animals.1. Production traits
2. Behaviour traits
3. Aesthetic traits - 30Where is the greatest welfare implications with regards to evolved behaviour in domestic animals?Artificial selection has not been for behaviour
eg. livestock, laboratory animals
restriction of maternal behaviours
restriction of dust bathing; walking; foraging
restriction of social behaviour - 31What are the 2 approaches to work out how not-natural the behaviour of captive or domestic animal is?1. Compare behaviours of captive, domestic species with ancestral species
2. Examine behaviour of domestic animals released into 'wild' environment - 32How do you work out how adaptive the behaviour of captive or domestic animals is in current conditions?Via welfare assessment
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- BVSc 2. Animal management 2 (Animal behaviour and welfare) Flashcards on Behaviour as a biological adaptation, created by Rachael Jones on 08/11/2016.
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- Rachael Jones
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