6947611
Description
Flashcards by Sneha Mittal, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sneha Mittal
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| phillipe pinel | study ways to improve treatment for psychiatric illness; try to figure out experience of people with psychopathic illness |
| mental disorder | persistent disturbance and dysfunction in behavior, thoughts, or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment |
| medical model | abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illnesses that, like physical illnesses, have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures |
| nosology | branch of medicine dealing with the classification of disease |
| etiology | branch of medicine dealing with the cause of a disease |
| treatment | cure of a disease |
| psychopathology | physical illness that drastically impairs normal cognitive functions |
| neuropsychology vs. psychopathology | branch of psychological science that examines how overt brain injury affects cognition vs. branch of psychological science that examines how covert brain injury affects cognition |
| diathesis-stress model | innate genetic vulnerability that people are carrying can be induced by environmental stress and give rise to physical illness |
| signs | objectively observed indicators of a disorder |
| symptoms | subjectively reported behaviors, thoughts, and emotions |
| disorder | common set of signs/symptoms |
| disease | pathological process affecting body |
| diagnosis | determination as to whether a disorder or disease is present |
| problems with psychopathological classification | classification of basis of symptoms continual vs. discrete nature of psychopathology (arbitrariness in considering what is clinically significant) comorbidity (people have more than 1 illness) ethnic/cultural considerations |
| medical student syndrome | condition where medical students perceive themselves to be experiencing the symptoms of a disease they are studying |
| anxiety disorder | anxiety is the primary and dominant feature |
| generalized anxiety disorder | excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months |
| panic disorder | panic attacks, feel out of control, fear of panic attacks, fear of dying |
| phobia | fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation; treatment through habituation |
| preparedness theory | development of phobias related to our own survival |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | intrusive thoughts/images that person struggles to get out of mind (obsessions) leads to behaviors or thoughts designed to reduce anxiety (compulsions) |
| post traumatic stress disorder | persistent re-experiencing of a traumatic event; avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma and numbing of general responsiveness; increased arousal |
| mood disorder: major depressive disorder | sad mood everyday for most of the day, loss of interest in normal pleasures, difficulty sleeping |
| kindling hypothesis | first depression episode changes brain chemistry, makes others more likely |
| bipolar disorder | fluctuations in mood, going from mania (major increase in activity, talkativeness, inflated self esteem, insomnia) to depression |
| schizophrenia (split from reality) | positive symptoms = delusions (grandeur, persecution, external agency), hallucinations, disorganized thought/speech, inappropriate affect negative symptoms = motivation, social engagement, speech, concentration |
| schizophrenia: diathesis-stress | diathesis: heritability, prenatal trauma stress: social isolation family dynamics substance use |
| pharmacology | treats brain directly (drugs) |
| therapy | treats cognitions (thoughts) and behavior |
| SSRI | selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors; good for depression and anxiety disorders |
| treatment | cognitive behavioral for depression medication for bipolar disorder |
| nonspecific factors | unrelated to specific principles but critical to outcome support, hope |
| psychopharmocology | study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms |
| cognitive-behavioral therapy | blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies; acknowledges that there are many behaviors that people cannot control through rational thought but also that there may ways of helping people think more rationally when thought does play a role |
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