Flashcards
Psychopathology
Cards in this deck (35)
- 1phillipe pinelstudy ways to improve treatment for psychiatric illness; try to figure out experience of people with psychopathic illness
- 2mental disorderpersistent disturbance and dysfunction in behavior, thoughts, or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment
- 3medical modelabnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illnesses that, like physical illnesses, have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures
- 4nosologybranch of medicine dealing with the classification of disease
- 5etiologybranch of medicine dealing with the cause of a disease
- 6treatmentcure of a disease
- 7psychopathologyphysical illness that drastically impairs normal cognitive functions
- 8neuropsychology vs. psychopathologybranch of psychological science that examines how overt brain injury affects cognition
vs.
branch of psychological science that examines how covert brain injury affects cognition - 9diathesis-stress modelinnate genetic vulnerability that people are carrying can be induced by environmental stress and give rise to physical illness
- 10signsobjectively observed indicators of a disorder
- 11symptomssubjectively reported behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
- 12disordercommon set of signs/symptoms
- 13diseasepathological process affecting body
- 14diagnosisdetermination as to whether a disorder or disease is present
- 15problems with psychopathological classificationclassification of basis of symptoms
continual vs. discrete nature of psychopathology (arbitrariness in considering what is clinically significant)
comorbidity (people have more than 1 illness)
ethnic/cultural considerations - 16medical student syndromecondition where medical students perceive themselves to be experiencing the symptoms of a disease they are studying
- 17anxiety disorderanxiety is the primary and dominant feature
- 18generalized anxiety disorderexcessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months
- 19panic disorderpanic attacks, feel out of control, fear of panic attacks, fear of dying
- 20phobiafear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation; treatment through habituation
- 21preparedness theorydevelopment of phobias related to our own survival
- 22obsessive-compulsive disorderintrusive thoughts/images that person struggles to get out of mind (obsessions) leads to behaviors or thoughts designed to reduce anxiety (compulsions)
- 23post traumatic stress disorderpersistent re-experiencing of a traumatic event; avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma and numbing of general responsiveness; increased arousal
- 24mood disorder: major depressive disordersad mood everyday for most of the day, loss of interest in normal pleasures, difficulty sleeping
- 25kindling hypothesisfirst depression episode changes brain chemistry, makes others more likely
- 26bipolar disorderfluctuations in mood, going from mania (major increase in activity, talkativeness, inflated self esteem, insomnia) to depression
- 27schizophrenia (split from reality)positive symptoms = delusions (grandeur, persecution, external agency), hallucinations, disorganized thought/speech, inappropriate affect
negative symptoms = motivation, social engagement, speech, concentration - 28schizophrenia: diathesis-stressdiathesis:
heritability, prenatal trauma
stress:
social isolation
family dynamics
substance use - 29pharmacologytreats brain directly (drugs)
- 30therapytreats cognitions (thoughts) and behavior
- 31SSRIselective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors; good for depression and anxiety disorders
- 32treatmentcognitive behavioral for depression
medication for bipolar disorder - 33nonspecific factorsunrelated to specific principles but critical to outcome
support, hope - 34psychopharmocologystudy of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms
- 35cognitive-behavioral therapyblend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies; acknowledges that there are many behaviors that people cannot control through rational thought but also that there may ways of helping people think more rationally when thought does play a role