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| Question | Answer |
| Society | A group of people who share a culture |
| Gender | Social expectations and ideas of masculinity and femininity (blue for boys, pink for girls) |
| Ethnicity | Cultural differences between racial groups |
| Norms | How people are expected to behave in particular social contexts |
| Values | a belief or idea about what is desirable and worth striving for. |
| Roles | behavior expected of people in different situations. |
| Socialisation | The way we learn the culture, norms and values of the society we are born into |
| Primary socialisation | Learning the culture, norms and values of society in the family |
| Secondary Socialisation | people learn the norms and values of society by peers, school, religion etc. which are all agents of socialisation |
| Gender socialisation | children learn what is seen as acceptable masculine and feminine behaviour |
| Primary research | When sociologists perform their own research e.g. unstructured interviews and questionnaires |
| Secondary research | When sociologists use data collected by somebody else e.g. official statistics, diaries, letters |
| Quantitative data | Numerical data e.g. percentages and statistics |
| Qualitative data | visual or verbal data which has lots of detail e.g. quotes |
| Closed questions | a set of questions where you have to choose between a given number of answers |
| Structured interviews | The interviewer reads out a set of, usually closed questions, face to face or by telephone |
| Interviewer bias | the presence of the interviewer causes the person to say answers the interviewer wants to hear |
| Non-participant observation | When sociologists observe from a distance with no involvement whatsoever |
| Overt | When a group knows they are being observed |
| Open questions | When respondents are able to explain their answers |
| Unstructured interview | An informal interview with no preset questions and usually uses open questions |
| Participant observation | When the sociologist joins in on the activities of the group they are observing |
| Covert | The group being observed do not know that they are being watched |
| Official statistics | Created by the government and its agency e.g. exam results and league tables |
| Ethical issues | making sure your research does not cause any harm or offence to the people taking part |
| Research aim | This is what sociologists are trying to find out |
| Hypothesis | A guess which is usually written as a statement |
| A pilot study | Small scale trial run which is used before you carry out your research |
| Sampling | Sociologists select the people they will research |
| Representative | Typical of your population |
| Informed consent | The people must agree to take part and be told why. They have the right to withdraw from the research |
| Confidentiality | The people taking part should have their personal details private |
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