7087523
Description
Flashcards by Liam Musselbrook, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Liam Musselbrook
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Eczema: prevalence, onset and resolution, associations | 20% of UK children Usually 1st year of life (uncommon in first two months) Often FH of atopic disorders Resolves in 50% by 12 years of age, and in 75% by 16 years |
| Diagnosis of eczema | Made clinically Most have elevated plasma IgE If suspected allergic cause - skin prick/RAST If severe, exclude immunodeficiency |
| Clinical features of eczyma | Pruritis Excoriated areas - erythematous, weeping and crusted Changing distribution with age Prolonged friction - lichenification |
| Management of eczema | Avoidance of irritants Emollients Topical corticosteroids Immunomodulators Occlusive bandages Antibiotics/antivirals Dietary elimination Psychosocial support |
| Otitis media with effusion (OME) 'glue ear' | Asymptomatic aside from reduced hearing Eardrum - dull, retracted, often with fluid level visable Common 2-7yrs Resolves spontaneously Can interfere with normal speech development |
| What kind of infection is Impetigo and with what organisms? | Localised, highly contagious skin infection Staphlycoccal and/or streptococcal More common with pre-existing skin disease e.g. eczema |
| Describe the lesions seen in impetigo | Begin as erythematous macules which may become vesicular/pustular or even bullous Rupture + exudation of fluids -> honey-coloured crusted lesions |
| Treatment of impetigo | Limited, localised disease: - topical fusidic acid = 1st line - topical retapamulin = 2nd-line Extensive disease: - oral flucloxacillin (erythromycin if allergic) |
| Clinical features of measles | Pyrexia Coryza and conjunctivits Cough Maculopapular rash - spreads down from behind ears Koplik's spots (white spots on buccal membrane) |
| What serious neurological complications can arise from measles? | Encephalitis (1 in 5000, 8 days after onset) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE, 1 in 100,000) |
| Treatment for measles | Symptomatic Isolation Immunocompromised -> ribavirin Vit A in developing countries |
| Periorbital cellulitis | Fever + erythema, tenderness and oedema of eyelid Almost always unilateral Treat promptly with IV antibiotics to prevent orbital cellulitis |
| Hand, foot and mouth disease | Self-limiting Intestinal viruses (Picornaviridae family) - Mild systemic upset: sore throat, fever - Oral ulcers - Followed later by vesicles on the palms and soles of the feet |
| What causes roseola infantum? | Human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) Incubation period of 5-15 days Typically affects children aged 6 months to 2 years |
| What are the clinical features of roseola infantum? | High fever: lasting a few days, followed by a maculopapular rash Febrile convulsions occur in around 10-15% Diarrhoea and cough are also commonly seen |
| What are the possible clinical features of retinoblastoma? | Absence of red-reflex, replaced by a white pupil (leukocoria) - the most common presenting symptom Strabismus Visual problems |
| Management options for retinoblastoma | Enucleation Depending on how advanced the tumour is other options include external beam radiation therapy, chemotherapy and photocoagulation |
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