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Flashcards

Software

Abbie Goffin Computing GCSE English 26 cards

Cards in this deck (26)

  1. 1Define SoftwarePrograms that control and make use of the hardware. Software is translated into binary for the hardware to understand.
  2. 2Define application softwareApplication software is a program or group of programs designed for end users. These programs are divided into two classes: system software and application software. Application software may be grouped along with system software or published alone.
  3. 3Define system softwareSystem software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs.
  4. 4Define custom written softwareCustom software is software that is specially developed for some specific organisation or other user.
  5. 5Advantages of custom written softwareCustom written does exactly what you want it to do.
    It is helpful as there isn’t always an off the shelf option for the requirements you need.
    Your software would be unique because it has been tailored to your needs.
  6. 6Disadvantages of custom written softwareCustom written software is expensive.
    There won’t be any online forums to show you how to run the software.
  7. 7Define off the shelf softwareOff-the-shelf software is designed to provide a general set of features that a broad range of customers will find useful.
  8. 8Advantages of off the shelf softwareIt's relatively cheap.
    You can have it straight away buy buying it at a shop or downloading the software. There will be online forums as many people have used the software.
    There are regular updates.
  9. 9Disadvantages of off the shelf softwareOther people will have the software so it won’t be unique.
    There will be features that you won’t use.
  10. 10Define open source softwareOpen source commonly refers to software that uses an open development process and is licensed to include the source code.
  11. 11Advantages of open source softwareIs either free or cheap.
    You have to get the source code so it can be edited to your needs.
    Many programmers are there to help you edit the code.
  12. 12Disadvantages of open source softwareIt may not have as many features .
    There may not be as much bug-fixing support.
  13. 13Define proprietary softwareProprietary Software Definition. Proprietary software is software that is owned by an individual or a company
  14. 14Advantages of proprietary softwareProprietary software has a large user base so there are online forums and training course.
    There is a lot of support available from the company who made it through support lines and updates.
  15. 15Disadvantages of proprietary softwareThere may be unwanted features.
    It is quite expensive.
  16. 16Define user interfaceA user interface is the method by which the user and the computer exchange information and instructions.
  17. 17The function of a user interface.They allow the user and computer to exchange information, through pictures, text etc.
  18. 18GUI - Graphical user interfaceThe OS on most computers and smartphones provides an environment with tiles, icons and/or menus. The user interacts with images through a mouse, keyboard or touchscreen.
  19. 19Command line interfaceAn OS also provides a method of interaction that is non-graphical. This is a text-only service with feedback from the OS appearing in text. Using a CLI requires knowledge of the commands available on a particular machine.
  20. 20Memory managementMemory management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory, assigning portions called blocks to various running programs to optimize overall system performance. Memory management resides in hardware, in the OS in programs and applications.
  21. 21Multi-taskingThe OS makes it possible to run several programs at once. Several programs can be stored in RAM at the same time, however only one program at a time is processed by the CPU.
  22. 22Peripheral managementPeripheral management controls peripheral devices by sending them commands in their own computer language. Each peripheral is programmed with its own machine code. Each has its own rules that dictate how it transmits data values between the computer and the device. These rules make up a protocol for controlling and communicating with the device.
  23. 23SecurityOS security may be approached in many ways, including adherence to the following:
    •Performing regular OS patch updates
    •Installing updated antivirus engines and software
    •Scrutinizing all incoming and outgoing network traffic through a firewall
    •Creating secure accounts with required privileges only (i.e., user management)
  24. 24Security utilitiesUser accounts - allow the user to allocate specific users and protects personal files and programs from unauthorised access.
    Encryption - can encrypt data when it is stored, or whenever it is transmitted over a network.
    Anti-virus software - detects and blocks viruses.
    Firewall - can be used to filter between trusted and untrusted networks and prevent programs from communicating through the use of ports.
  25. 25Disk organisationDisk defragmentation - When files are deleted, unused clusters become available for reuse. These can end up being distributed across a drive, especially if the original files were small. If a large file is then written to a drive, its data could be spread across different clusters leading to file fragmentation. Defragmentation involves rearranging the information on a disk so that files appear in continuous sequences of clusters. This will improve file access times. Most modern operating systems run this process automatically.
    Formatting - Storage drives need to be formatted to be compatible with an OS. The OS usually formats storage media when it is connected to the computer. It is often the case that a storage drive cannot be compatible with both Windows and Mac OS X.
  26. 26System maintenanceBackup - This allows the user to restore the system to a previous state which is saved as a backup. This is only usually used if a system malfunctions.
    Disk cleaner - The storage drive is divided into a number of clusters. The table of contents serves as an address book, keeping a record of each file and the clusters used to store that file. When a file is deleted, the address to the location on the disk is removed.

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Description
GCSE Computing Flashcards on Software, created by Abbie Goffin on 27/11/2016.
Created by
Abbie Goffin · Nov 2016
Updated
Jan 14, 2017
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6
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