Flashcards
Behavior Study Questions
Cards in this deck (49)
- 1What is Ethology?The study of animal behavior
- 2What is the Theory of Evolution?Darwin's theory published in 1859 saying all related organisms came from common ancestors. Behavior is generated by combination of instincts.
- 3What is Natural Selection and why is it important?Development and refinement of complex behavior patterns essential for individual species to adapt to their environments.
- 4What is Classical Ethology?Ethological approach asserting that much of what animals know is instinctive or innate.
- 5What kind of conditioning was Pavlov's experiment? What was the experiment?Classical conditioning; Discovered that dogs automatically began to salivate at the sight of food. If he rang a bell when offering food, dogs began to associate this unrelated stimulus with food. Eventually, they salivated to the sound of the bell alone.
- 6What is Behaviorism?Dominant school of animal psychology that originated with John B Watson. States that behavior is learned rather than genetically programmed.
- 7Stimulus-Response-TheoryAll complex behaviors (emotions, habits, and thoughts) are complex muscular and glandular responses that can be observed and measured.
- 8What are Classical and Operant Conditioning?Classical is based on Pavlov's experiments. The type of conditioned learning that associates stimuli occurring at approximately the same time or in roughly the same area. Operant is the type of conditioned learning that associates a certain activity, known as the operant, with punishment and reward.
- 9What is Instrumental Learning?Trial and error learning. Operant Conditioning combined with Classical Conditioning could link simple responses to complex chains of behavior.
- 10What is Sociobiology? Why is it important?The study of social organization in animals. Young members of a species may adopt appropriate behaviors with little experience while others more crucial to survival may require learning.
- 11What is Survival Value?The base for development or disappearance of complex social patterns. Often referred to as a behaviors function.
- 12What are Fixed Action Patterns?Stereotypical or predictable behaviors that are assumed to be the same among all members of a species.
- 13What are Instincts?Inherited or genetically coded responses to environmental stimuli that enable members of a species to respond appropriately in wide range of situations. Permits animals to perform very complex behaviors without learning them through trial and error.
- 14What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement and punishment?Positive means an addition of something. Negative means taking something away. Reinforcement creates a desired behavior and punishment decreases a specific behavior.
- 15What is Imprinting?Discovered by Konrad Lorenz. A rapid learning process that enables the very young to recognize and bond with its caretaker. Occurs during the sensitive period.
- 16What are critical periods for puppies and kittens? What does this mean?Between 4 and 14 weeks for puppies and 2 and 8 weeks for kittens. This is when they learn to interact with others of their species. Exposure during this period helps them avoid being overly fearful later in life.
- 17When are fear periods? Why are the important?Puppies experience them from 8 to 10 weeks and again near puberty. Pain, punishment, or adverse attention during these periods could cause permanent psychological damage.
- 18What is aggression and how can it be prevented?Behavior bred from impulse to harm another being. Can be prevented through proper socialization during critical period. Castration can also help lower risk in both cats and dogs.
- 19What is housebreaking and how can it be prevented?Elimination inside the house. One of the first things owners train new dogs. Implement technique that uses natural instinct and anticipates needs along with positive reinforcement.
- 20How does canine Separation Anxiety manifest?Excessive vocalization, destructive behavior, inappropriate elimination, anorexia, hyperactivity, or inactivity. Will only manifest when owner is away.
- 21What is conflict-related aggression?When a dog is exposed to uncomfortable or uncertain stimulus or conflict and has learned that aggression helps to avoid contact or lessen fear.
- 22What is fear-induced aggression?Occurs when an animal is in a position it can't escape from. Can be caused by loud noises, children, or specific people and is reinforced by withdrawing when displayed. Most common type seen in animal hospitals.
- 23What is predatory aggression?Occurs when stalking or hunting prey. Animal will not give any warning. Cats usually hunt birds and rodents. Dogs may attack other pets or children as prey.
- 24What is pain-induced aggression?A protective instinct. Pet with an injury is much more likely to bite. Responding with punishment could intensify the aggression.
- 25How do you prevent inter-male aggression?Neutering should eliminate this aggression in both dogs and cats.
- 26What is territorial aggression?Dogs tend to be aggressive towards people who aren't members of the household. Cats tend to be aggressive towards other cats in their perceived territory.
- 27What is maternal aggression?Aggression in postparturition period. Mother protecting her young, very rarely leads to problems.
- 28Can cats and dogs learn to be aggressive?Dogs can be trained to be aggressive toward owner or fight. Normally reinforced through punishment. Cats do not have evident learned aggression, but it can occur.
- 29What is spraying? When does it start?Marking on vertical surfaces. Normally begins when they reach maturity (7 or 8 months). Both males and females may spray if a new pet is introduced.
- 30Why do dogs house soil? How can it be prevents?May be caused by medical problems (UTI or parasite). Some dogs will soil if they are stuck inside for too long or if they are extremely anxious. Take them out more frequently and/or remove the fear stimulus. Clean the area and have the dog lay there for a while, as they tend to mark the edges of their territory.
- 31What behavior problems are commonly seen in birds? How are they resolved?Persistent screaming or squawking, signalling distress, environmental stress, or hunger. Solved by moving cage away from TV or room by busy street.
Biting from fear, excitement, or aggression caused by environmental stress. Use the wobble to disorient the bird. - 32What behavior problems are seen in rodents?Biting when handled too roughly, give time to adjust to cage in a quiet place and reach in gently. Aggression toward other rodents, best to keep most rodents separate.
- 33Why do we need behavioral case history?Screening for history can allow counseling before issues become serious.
- 34What are the factors involve with all treatment methods? Why are they important?Trust - Animal must trust owners ability to command
Reward - Eager, enthusiastic animal is much easier to train
Reprimand - Discourages behaviors, owner must remain calm and avoid physical abuse, startle animal
Consistency - Program will only work if it modification is consistent - 35What is command-response-reward training?Give command and immediately reward desired response until pet responds consistently. Begin with simple command and never use punishment. Used to modify behavior or train an animal.
- 36What is clicker training?Clicker used to signal correct behavior and the coming reward. Animal will associate the sound with reward. Use for behavior modification or training.
- 37What is extinction training?Involves eliminating behavior by removing reinforcement for behavior. Use for behavior modification.
- 38What is aversion therapy?Creating a relationship between unpleasant stimulus and object animal is marking, chewing, or otherwise damaging. Used to keep animal from an area or object.
- 39What is avoidance therapy?Use of negative reinforcement to diminish problem behavior by linking behavior with unpleasant event. Discourages animal from using behavior in order to avoid the event.
- 40What is habituation?Surround animal with stimulus causing problem until the animal is acclimated and no longer afraid. Can't be used for stimuli that cause aggressive or moderate to severe fear behaviors.
- 41What is punishment?Used to eliminate undesired behavior, very difficult method that can create other problems. Must occur immediately after behavior every time it happens. Owner should not be associated with punishment. Never use to treat aggression or behavior problems.
- 42What is counter-conditioning?Replacing an undesirable behavior with a desirable one. Take stimuli linked to negative emotion and recondition animal by linking to positive emotion.
- 43What is desensitization?Diminishing particular behavior by gradually exposing to stimulus that produces inappropriate response. If no negative reaction occurs, decrease distance and increase duration. Requires careful attention to pets response.
- 44What is environmental modification?Changing the environment to better suit the animal. For example, moving litter box, changing litter, or wrapping carpet around the box may help cats who are breaking litter box training.
- 45What is the most effective surgical approach?Neutering because it can lessen vocalization, roaming, and fighting.
- 46What can pharmaceutical therapy help with?Separation anxiety, inappropriate elimination, and sexual behaviors (roaming, mounting, and fighting). Must be consistently monitored for side effects.
- 47What is hormonal therapy?Administration of gonadal hormones (progestin). Can help reduce spraying but may cause sterility, increase blood glucose, and cause hyperplasia in mammary glands.
- 48What treatment techniques are best used for birds?For squawking, moving cage and give wider variety of play things. For biting, let them investigate retrievers hand before removing from cage. Use wobble if they do bite.
- 49What is the procedure for calming rodents?1. Place cage in tub
2. Lift animal from cage with cup
3. Allow animal to get used to tub
4. Carefully climb into tub with animal
5. Sit still, allow rodent to get used to you
6. Hold hand out flat for animal
7. Place edible treat in palm
8. Gently stroke along back while it retrieves and eats the treat
Information
- Description
- Intro to Vet Tech (Behavior/Handling/History and Physical ) Flashcards on Behavior Study Questions, created by Laura Arasmith Wilson on 30/11/2016.
- Created by
- Laura Arasmith Wilson
- Views
- 0
- Rating